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Mongolia [b] is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of 1,564,116 square kilometres (603,909 square miles), with a population of just 3.3 million, making it the world's most sparsely populated sovereign state.
- Religion in Mongolia
Buddhism in Mongolia began with the Yuan dynasty (1271-1368)...
- Mongolian Script
The traditional Mongolian script, also known as the Hudum...
- Ulaanbaatar
Ulaanbaatar (/ ˌ uː l ɑː n ˈ b ɑː t ər /; Mongolian:...
- Language
Mongolian [note 1] is the principal language of the Mongolic...
- History of Mongolia
History of Mongolia - Wikipedia. Contents. hide. (Top)...
- Demographics of Mongolia
Youth in Mongolia constituted 18.7% of the population in...
- Flag
The national flag of Mongolia (Mongolian: Монгол улсын...
- Mongolian Revolution of 1911
The Mongolian Revolution of 1911 (Mongolian: Үндэсний эрх...
- Horse Culture
A herd of horses run through a winter storm in Mongolia....
- Economy of Mongolia
The economy of Mongolia has traditionally been based on...
- Religion in Mongolia
Танилцуулга. Википедиа нь хэн бүхний ашиглаж болох чөлөөт, бидний сайн дурын оролцоогоор баяждаг нэвтэрхий толь юм. Тул төсөл нь англи хэлээр 2001 онд анх эхлэсэн бөгөөд монгол хэлээрх ...
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The Mongols are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China, and the Republic of Buryatia of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal member of the large family of Mongolic peoples.
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- Material Tradition
- Literary Tradition
- Fine Arts
- Religion
- Customs and Superstitions
- Festivities
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Clothing
Mongolian traditional clothing has changed little since the days of the empire because it is supremely well-adapted to the conditions of life on the steppe and the daily activities of pastoral nomads. However, there have been some changes in styles which distinguish modern Mongolian dress from historic costume. The deel, or kaftan, is the Mongolian traditional garment worn on workdays and special days. It is a long, loose gown cut in one piece with the sleeves; it has a high collar and widely...
Cuisine
Traditional Mongolian cuisine is primarily based on meat and dairies, with some regional variations. The most common meat local people consume is mutton, in the southern region local people also consume camel meat, and in the other parts mutton, beef, goat, horse and yak meat. Dairy products are made from mostly cow's milk and some from yak and goat including cheese, curds, creams and other dessert type dairies. There is also a traditional alcohol drink made from fermented mare's milk called...
Cultural artifact controversy
On May 20, 2012, a rare skeleton of a Tarbosaurus bataar, also known as Tyrannosaurus bataar, was sold to an undisclosed buyer for $1,052,500 at an auction in New York City, United States, despite efforts by Mongolian President Elbegdorj Tsakhia to stop the sale. The Mongolian government is concerned about maintaining control over fossils and cultural relics while scientists worry about such items disappearing into private collections. A smuggler was convicted in a New York court in December...
Traditional values
Among the topics that are mentioned from the oldest works of Mongolian literature to modern soft pop songs are love for mothers, parents and homesickness, a longing for the place where one grew up. Horses have always played an important role in daily life as well as in the arts. Mongolians have a lot of epic heroes from ancient times. Hospitality is so important in the steppes that it is traditionally taken for granted. The Mongolian word for hero, baatar, appears frequently in personal names...
Literature
The oldest completely passed down work of Mongolian literature is probably also the most well-known abroad: The Secret History of the Mongols. It does, however, contain passages of older poetry. Otherwise, few examples of Mongolian literature from the time of the Mongol Empire have come down in written form: fragments of a song[ru] about the mother and the area where one grew up were found in a soldier's grave at the Volga river in 1930, 25 manuscript and block print fragments were found in T...
Oral traditions and oral literature
The spoken storytelling traditions that led to Mongolian literature include "heroic epics, legends, tales, yörööl (the poetryof good wishes), and magtaal (the poetry of praise)".
Before the 20th century, most works of the fine arts in Mongolia had a religious function, and therefore Mongolian fine arts were heavily influenced by religious texts. Thangkas were usually painted or made in applique technique. Bronze sculptures usually showed Buddhist deities. A number of great works are attributed to the first Jebtsundamba Khut...
Since ancient times Tengrism and Shamanism was the dominant belief system of the Mongols and still retains significant importance in their mythology. During the era of the Great Khans, Mongolia practiced freedom of worship and is still a defining element of the Mongol character. In the 17th century, Tibetan Buddhism became the dominant religion in ...
Mongolians traditionally were afraid of misfortunes and believe in good and evil omens. Misfortune might be attracted by talking about negative things or by persons that are often talked about. They might also be sent by some malicious shaman enraged by breaking some taboo, like stepping on a yurt's threshold, desecrating waters or mountains, etc. ...
The most important public festivals are the Naadam (English: game). The biggest one is held each year on July 11–13 in Ulaanbaatar, but there are also smaller ones on aimag and sum levels. A Naadam involves horse racing, wrestling, and archerycompetitions. For families, the most important festival is Tsagaan Sar (English: white month/Lunar New Year...
Music
Mongolia has a very old musical tradition. Key traditional elements are throat-singing, the Morin Khuur(horse headed fiddle) and other string instruments, and several types of songs. Mongolian melodies are typically characterized by pentatonic harmonies and long end notes. In the 20th century, western style classical music has been introduced, and mixed with traditional elements by some composers. Later on the full palette of Pop and Rock music has also been adopted by younger musicians. The...
Cinema
In socialist times, movies were treated as a propaganda instrument by the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. The first topics were popular legends and revolutionary heroes like in Sükhbaatar. In the 1950s, the focus shifted to working class heroes, as in New Year. The 1970s saw many documentaries and everyday life stories as in The Clear Tamir. After democratization, film makers turned to international partners for support, as in the Japanese-Mongolian co-production Genghis Khan. Indepen...
Games
Popular board games are chess and checkers. The chess figures are noyon (noble = king), bers (cp. bars "tiger" = queen), temee (camel = bishop), mori (horse = knight), tereg (cart = castle), khüü (boy = pawn). The rules used today are the same as in European chess, although there are differing versions called 'Mongolian Chess' (shatar) and 'Daur Chess'. Dominoes are played widely. Indigenous card games existed in the 19th century but are now lost. One of the popular card games that is played...
The Mongol Empire emerged from the unification of several nomadic tribes in the Mongol heartland under the leadership of Temüjin, known by the more famous title of Genghis Khan (c. 1162 – 1227), whom a council proclaimed as the ruler of all Mongols in 1206.
