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The citizens of the United States cherish sentiments the most friendly in favor of the liberty and happiness of their fellow-men on that side of the Atlantic. In the wars of the European powers in matters relating to themselves we have never taken any part, nor does it comport with our policy to do so. It is only when our rights are invaded or ...
The Monroe Doctrine was a United States foreign policy position that opposed European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere. It held that any intervention in the political affairs of the Americas by foreign powers was a potentially hostile act against the United States. The doctrine was central to American foreign policy for much of the 19th ...
Seventh Annual Message (Monroe Doctrine) (December 2, 1823) James Monroe. Transcript. Fellow Citizens of the Senate and House of Representatives: Many important subjects will claim your attention during the present session, of which I shall endeavor to give, in aid of your deliberations, a just idea in this communication.
- THE MONROE DOCTRINE
- INTRODUCTION.
- THE POSTULATES OF THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 5
- THE POSTULATES OF THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 9
- THE POSTULATES OF THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 11
- THE INTERNATIONAL SITUATION IN 1823. 15
- THE INTERNATIONAL SITUATION IN 1823. 17
- CHAPTER III.
- JAMES MONROE AND HIS CABINET.
- The policy of peace and patriotism may be further illustrated from the annals of the years during which it prevailed. One of the earliest acts of the Monroe Admi¬ nistration was the dispatch of three citizens to examine the condition of South America. Next year, neither the trou*
- The Diplomacy of 1823.
- 1. It conceived the recovery of the Colonies by Spain
- Three days later, his surmise was confirmed by a
- Having thus failed to secure the co-operation of the r. 4
- THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 67
- THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE MONROE DOCTRINE 69
- THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 71
- This special question of authorship, indeed, is of more
- THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 73
- THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 75
- THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 77
- THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 79
- THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 81
- THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 85
- THE MONROE DOCTRINE.
- CHAPTER VI.
- THE RECEPTION OF THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 89
- THE RECEPTION OF THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 91
- THE RECEPTION OF THE MONROE DOCTRINE 93
- THE RECEPTION OF THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 95
- THE RECEPTION OF THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 97
- CHAPTER VII.
- RELATION TO INTERNATIONAL LAW.
- RELATION TO INTERNATIONAL LAW. 101
- RELATION TO INTERNATIONAL LAW. 103
- RELATION TO INTERNATIONAL LAW. 105
- RELATION TO INTERNATIONAL LAW. 107
- At the same moment the veil of secrecy which had
- LATER APPEALS TO THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 123
- THE MONROE DOCTRINE.
- LATER APPEALS TO THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 129
- The establishment upon their borders of a govern¬ ment with objects such as these rendered it superfluous for the United States to justify opposition by any formula
- THE MONROE DOCTRINE.
- LATER APPEALS TO THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 137
- LATER APPEALS TO THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 139
- LATER APPEALS TO THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 141
- LATER APPEALS TO THE MONROE DOCTRINE. 143
BY W. F. REDDAWAY, B.A. FELLOW OF KING’S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. SECOND EDITION NEW-YORK
The closing days of the year 1895 furnished much material worthy the study of the pathologist of democracy. They showed the spectacle of the two most powerful nations of the modern world—nations united by the closest ties of blood, of speech, and of common interest,—stan¬ ding on the brink of war for a cause that might have been accounted light by ...
was granted them in opposition to the twro great Powers by whose assistance they had triumphed.” At Versailles, then, the doctrine that even the east coast of North America was closed to European coloni¬ sation would have flowed with strange grace from the lips of Franklin or the pen of Washington. In the darkest hours of Valley Forge, however, men...
advised “A declaration that the United States could not see, without serious inquietude, any part of a neighbouring territory in which they have, in different respects, so deep and just a concern, pass from the hands of Spain into those of any other foreign power.” A long and secret debate had followed, and on the evening of Sunday, March 3rd, Cong...
Texas, but Great Britain shrank from opposing their prepa¬ rations to make settlements within the area drained by the Columbia River—a territory which she regarded as her own. While their northern neighbour showed herself thus little disposed to resist them, the provinces on their south¬ western frontier passed from the sway of Spain to a state of ...
something like concert between the two governments had been arrived at. In that year the interests of both were threatened by the conduct of France and of the Holy Alliance. The story of the relations between France and the United States forms a curious chapter in the history of sentimental alliances between nations. The frenzy of enthusiasm for Am...
hereditary sympathy for France caused the government of Madison to choose Great Britain for its foe. The events of 1815 left France a monarchy, England pledged to its preservation, and the United States at peace with both. In the New World, Louis XVIII had feAv appa¬ rent interests. The ambition of his ministers, however, caused the United States s...
James Monroe and his Cabinet. Such then, was the position and policy of the national factors in the production of the Monroe Doctrine. The Doctrine itself, however, was formulated by Americans to promote American interests. It is to the United States, therefore, that we must look for a continuous history of its evolution. Great Britain, France, the...
29 bitter rival of Adams. A few officials of less weight had at times shared in the deliberations ; and from outside the Cabinet had received impulses from two men of striking character—Andrew Jackson and Henry Clay. The former, by his military severity in the South, did much to influence their relations with Spain, and, not impossibly, with Mexico...
38 THE MONROE DOCTRINE. bles in Florida nor the disagreement of the commissionners prevented the South American question from making sub¬ stantial progress. Rush and Castlereagh mutually disclai¬ med the pursuit of exclusive advantages in commerce, and the United States had decided to stand aloof from the me¬ diation between Spain and her colonies ...
To study the immediate formation of the Message, we must examine transactions in Washington and in London. On one side of the Atlantic, George Canning was negotia¬ ting with Richard Rush, the Minister of the United States, while on the other, Monroe and Adams were preparing for the autumn meetings of the Caninet. The existence of a representative o...
4 to be hopeless. 2. It conceived the question of the recognition of them to.be one of time and circumstances. 3. It was, however, by no means disposed to throw any impediment in the way of an arrangement between them and the mother-country by amicable negotiation. 4. It aimed not at the possession of any portion of them for Great Britain. 5. And, ...
THE DIPLOMACY OF 1823. 47 second confidential communication from Canning. France, it was pointed out, expected very speedily to achieve her military objects in Spain. “ England had received notice, though not such as imposed the necessity of instant action,” that, as soon as this was done, “ a proposal would be made for a congress in Europe, or som...
50 THE MONROE DOCTRINE. United States, Canning determined to inform the French Government directly that an attack on Spanish America would be followed by war with Great Britain. On the 9th October, therefore, he met Polignac, with the object of exchanging communications on the subject. The impor¬ tance of their interview is attested by the wide dis...
have won wider fame than the rest. In the review of foreign affairs it is stated that : “ At the proposal of the Russian Imperial Government, made through the minister of the Emperor residing here, a full power and instructions have been transmitted to the minister of the United States at St Petersburg, to arrange, by amicable negotiation, the resp...
dangerous to our peace and safety. With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered, and shall not interfere. But with the Govern- mentswho have declared their independence and maintai¬ ned it, and whose independence we have,on great, considera¬ tion and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any ...
if possible, to whose hand were due the phrases actually employed. The Cabinet which considered the presidential Message consisted of five members, and it is impossible to suppose that Calhoun, Southard, pr Wirt shaped its foreign policy or drafted its conclusions. Tbe problem, therefore, reduces itself to a decision between the claims of the Pre¬ ...
«> i than speculative importance. The whole history of the Monroe Doctrine, and/its recent history most of all, shows that its literal interpretation is far from clear. Phrases which in the mouth of one man might be the obscure expression of confused thought, would not be uttered by another without a deep political meaning. Once at least, Monroe ha...
the free and independent condition which they have as¬ sumed and maintained, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonisation by any European powers ’’—had not been the subject of the recent Cabinet deliberations. The silence of the Diary is on this point confirmed by the statement of Calhoun, made in combating the principle ...
United States policy that manifesto to Russia, Great Britain and the whorld in general which Adams so strongly advocated. Such a genesis seems the more credible from the difficulty of the argument against colonisation, and from its known accordance with the logic of the Secretary of State. •: The Law of Nature, he seems to have believed, dictated t...
its members had not asked America to pronounce upon their European system. The Czar had lectured the United States, and it was “ due in candor ” that the United States should lecture the Czar. The occasion and the principles of the Monroe Doctrine, therefore, point to the authorship of Adams. The lack of correspondence between Monroe and the Doctri...
Monroe did not hesitate to acknowledge the sympathy with which their cause had always heen regarded by the United States, and at the close of the year, he repeated his expressions of hope that Spain would soon end the contest. Now, however, the world is informed that it is obvious that she can never subdue the new Governments, and “ that it is stil...
presumed that France would not interfere between the colonies and Spain without consulting the United States as well as her European Allies. In the Cabinet, he developed and defended the same policy with regard to the Holy Alliance, and the words of the Monroe Doctrine seem to have been the result. In the third great principle of the Monroe Doctrin...
flattered by the appearance of leadership. This gain, moreover, was effected without loss in the force of the blow. The United States and Great Britain severally declaring a similar policy were no less formidable than Great Britain associating the United States with herself in a public mani¬ festo. At no cost to themselves, the United States had re...
with equal satisfaction. Many months earlier, it had be¬ come evident that all public measures were likely to ,be affected by the struggle for the Presidency which would be determined in 1824. The Secretary of State, by his own confession, felt that if he were not elected, it would be the equivalent of a vote of censure on his conduct in office. Ev...
The Reception of the Monroe Doctrine. Of the statecraft that attended the birth of the Monroe Doctrine the citizens of the United States saw little or nothing. Congress itself, like the British Parliament, was ignorant of the communications between Canning and Rush. What appeared was that the Holy Alliance had threatened the liberties of America, a...
between Europe and Asia, and between North and South Africa, prove that land, rather than water, separates one nation from another. With existing means of transit, men journey betwen London and Washington with greater speed and safety than between Washington and Mexico or Lima; and it is difficult to understand why the Isthmus of Panama should bind...
between Europe and Asia, and between North and South Africa, prove that land, rather than water, separates one nation from another. With existing means of transit, men journey betwen London and Washington with greater speed and safety than between Washington and Mexico or Lima; and it is difficult to understand why the Isthmus of Panama should bind...
between Europe and Asia, and between North and South Africa, prove that land, rather than water, separates one nation from another. With existing means of transit, men journey betwen London and Washington with greater speed and safety than between Washington and Mexico or Lima; and it is difficult to understand why the Isthmus of Panama should bind...
between Europe and Asia, and between North and South Africa, prove that land, rather than water, separates one nation from another. With existing means of transit, men journey betwen London and Washington with greater speed and safety than between Washington and Mexico or Lima; and it is difficult to understand why the Isthmus of Panama should bind...
between Europe and Asia, and between North and South Africa, prove that land, rather than water, separates one nation from another. With existing means of transit, men journey betwen London and Washington with greater speed and safety than between Washington and Mexico or Lima; and it is difficult to understand why the Isthmus of Panama should bind...
between Europe and Asia, and between North and South Africa, prove that land, rather than water, separates one nation from another. With existing means of transit, men journey betwen London and Washington with greater speed and safety than between Washington and Mexico or Lima; and it is difficult to understand why the Isthmus of Panama should bind...
between Europe and Asia, and between North and South Africa, prove that land, rather than water, separates one nation from another. With existing means of transit, men journey betwen London and Washington with greater speed and safety than between Washington and Mexico or Lima; and it is difficult to understand why the Isthmus of Panama should bind...
between Europe and Asia, and between North and South Africa, prove that land, rather than water, separates one nation from another. With existing means of transit, men journey betwen London and Washington with greater speed and safety than between Washington and Mexico or Lima; and it is difficult to understand why the Isthmus of Panama should bind...
between Europe and Asia, and between North and South Africa, prove that land, rather than water, separates one nation from another. With existing means of transit, men journey betwen London and Washington with greater speed and safety than between Washington and Mexico or Lima; and it is difficult to understand why the Isthmus of Panama should bind...
between Europe and Asia, and between North and South Africa, prove that land, rather than water, separates one nation from another. With existing means of transit, men journey betwen London and Washington with greater speed and safety than between Washington and Mexico or Lima; and it is difficult to understand why the Isthmus of Panama should bind...
between Europe and Asia, and between North and South Africa, prove that land, rather than water, separates one nation from another. With existing means of transit, men journey betwen London and Washington with greater speed and safety than between Washington and Mexico or Lima; and it is difficult to understand why the Isthmus of Panama should bind...
between Europe and Asia, and between North and South Africa, prove that land, rather than water, separates one nation from another. With existing means of transit, men journey betwen London and Washington with greater speed and safety than between Washington and Mexico or Lima; and it is difficult to understand why the Isthmus of Panama should bind...
between Europe and Asia, and between North and South Africa, prove that land, rather than water, separates one nation from another. With existing means of transit, men journey betwen London and Washington with greater speed and safety than between Washington and Mexico or Lima; and it is difficult to understand why the Isthmus of Panama should bind...
between Europe and Asia, and between North and South Africa, prove that land, rather than water, separates one nation from another. With existing means of transit, men journey betwen London and Washington with greater speed and safety than between Washington and Mexico or Lima; and it is difficult to understand why the Isthmus of Panama should bind...
between Europe and Asia, and between North and South Africa, prove that land, rather than water, separates one nation from another. With existing means of transit, men journey betwen London and Washington with greater speed and safety than between Washington and Mexico or Lima; and it is difficult to understand why the Isthmus of Panama should bind...
between Europe and Asia, and between North and South Africa, prove that land, rather than water, separates one nation from another. With existing means of transit, men journey betwen London and Washington with greater speed and safety than between Washington and Mexico or Lima; and it is difficult to understand why the Isthmus of Panama should bind...
between Europe and Asia, and between North and South Africa, prove that land, rather than water, separates one nation from another. With existing means of transit, men journey betwen London and Washington with greater speed and safety than between Washington and Mexico or Lima; and it is difficult to understand why the Isthmus of Panama should bind...
between Europe and Asia, and between North and South Africa, prove that land, rather than water, separates one nation from another. With existing means of transit, men journey betwen London and Washington with greater speed and safety than between Washington and Mexico or Lima; and it is difficult to understand why the Isthmus of Panama should bind...
between Europe and Asia, and between North and South Africa, prove that land, rather than water, separates one nation from another. With existing means of transit, men journey betwen London and Washington with greater speed and safety than between Washington and Mexico or Lima; and it is difficult to understand why the Isthmus of Panama should bind...
between Europe and Asia, and between North and South Africa, prove that land, rather than water, separates one nation from another. With existing means of transit, men journey betwen London and Washington with greater speed and safety than between Washington and Mexico or Lima; and it is difficult to understand why the Isthmus of Panama should bind...
between Europe and Asia, and between North and South Africa, prove that land, rather than water, separates one nation from another. With existing means of transit, men journey betwen London and Washington with greater speed and safety than between Washington and Mexico or Lima; and it is difficult to understand why the Isthmus of Panama should bind...
The Monroe Doctrine is the best known U.S. policy toward the Western Hemisphere. Buried in a routine annual message delivered to Congress by President James Monroe in December 1823, the doctrine warns European nations that the United States would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs. The doctrine was conceived to
The Monroe Doctrine was expressed during President Monroe’s seventh annual message to Congress, December 2, 1823, excerpted here from the Washington Republican Extra of that date: At the proposal of the Russian Imperial government, made through the minister of the
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