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Orbits
- What all of these objects have in common is that they move in orbits, which means that they follow cyclical paths around some larger body. Planets orbit stars, and in turn moons orbit planets. “Satellite” is a general term for anything that orbits a planet or star, so planets and moons are also satellites.
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In this explainer, we will learn how to describe the velocities and accelerations of planets, moons, and man-made satellites that are moving along circular orbits. What all of these objects have in common is that they move in orbits, which means that they follow cyclical paths around some larger body.
Apr 15, 2024 · Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion can be stated as follows: All planets move about the Sun in elliptical orbits, having the Sun as one of the foci. A radius vector joining any planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal lengths of time.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- What does Kepler’s first law mean?Kepler’s first law means that planets move around the Sun in elliptical orbits. An ellipse is a shape that resembles a flattened circle. How much t...
- What is eccentricity and how is it determined?The eccentricity of an ellipse measures how flattened a circle it is. It is equal to the square root of [1 - b*b/(a*a)]. The letter a stands for th...
- What is the meaning of Kepler’s third law?How long a planet takes to go around the Sun (its period, P) is related to the planet’s mean distance from the Sun (d). That is, the square of the...
- Why is a planet’s orbit slower the farther it is from the Sun?A planet moves slower when it is farther from the Sun because its angular momentum does not change. For a circular orbit, the angular momentum is e...
- Where is Earth when it is traveling the fastest?It follows from Kepler’s second law that Earth moves the fastest when it is closest to the Sun. This happens in early January, when Earth is about...
- A Satellite Is A Projectile
- Velocity, Acceleration and Force Vectors
- Elliptical Orbits of Satellites
The fundamental principle to be understood concerning satellites is that a satellite is a projectile. That is to say, a satellite is an object upon which the only force is gravity. Once launched into orbit, the only force governing the motion of a satellite is the force of gravity. Newton was the first to theorize that a projectile launched with su...
The motion of an orbiting satellite can be described by the same motion characteristics as any object in circular motion. The velocity of the satellite would be directed tangent to the circle at every point along its path. The acceleration of the satellite would be directed towards the center of the circle - towards the central body that it is orbi...
Occasionally satellites will orbit in paths that can be described as ellipses. In such cases, the central body is located at one of the foci of the ellipse. Similar motion characteristics apply for satellites moving in elliptical paths. The velocity of the satellite is directed tangent to the ellipse. The acceleration of the satellite is directed t...
Apr 10, 2022 · Newton’s universal law of gravitation and Kepler’s laws describe the motions of Earth satellites and interplanetary spacecraft as well as the planets. Sputnik, the first artificial Earth satellite, was launched by what was then called the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957.
Newton’s universal law of gravitation and Kepler’s laws describe the motions of Earth satellite s and interplanetary spacecraft as well as the planets. Sputnik, the first artificial Earth satellite, was launched by what was then called the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957.
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The same simple laws that govern the motion of objects on earth also extend to the heavens to govern the motion of planets, moons, and other satellites. The mathematics that describes a satellite's motion is the same mathematics presented for circular motion in Lesson 1.
