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  1. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a harmful traditional practice that involves the partial or total removal of external female genitalia or other injury to female genital organs for non-medical reasons (WHO, 2020). Over 200 million girls and women alive today have undergone FGM, with approximately 3 million girls at risk each year (UNICEF, 2016).

  2. May 12, 2017 · Two hundred million girls and women are estimated to have undergone female genital mutilation (FGM) , a traditional practice that involves the partial or total removal of the external genitalia. FGM is a dire violation of human rights— particularly women and children’s rights— and results in severe health complications, including but not ...

    • Rajat Khosla, Joya Banerjee, Doris Chou, Lale Say, Susana T. Fried
    • 2017
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  4. Apr 24, 2014 · The examples provided converge with the literature confirming the utmost necessity to engage with the FGC practicing communities allowing for ethically sensitive strategies, reduction of harm in relation to systems of care, and prevention of the risk of systematic gendered stigmatization.

  5. Dec 10, 2020 · Purpose of Review. To summarize and critically evaluate the moral principles invoked in support of zero tolerance laws and policies for medically unnecessary female genital cutting (FGC).

    • Brian D. Earp
    • brian.earp@yale.edu
    • 2020
  6. Nov 12, 2020 · Purpose of Review The goal of this paper is to discuss the juxtapositions between FGM/C and other medically unjustified genital alterations performed on adult women (aesthetical genital surgeries) and on children (male circumcision and intersex genital surgeries). The authors join the debate from their position as professionals working in Belgium’s main “anti-FGM organization” as well as ...

    • Stéphanie Florquin, Fabienne Richard
    • 2020
  7. Oct 4, 2016 · Keywords: female genital mutilation, systematic review, Africa, medical and psychological consequences, prevalence and ethics, socioeconomic consequences Introduction More than 200 million women and girls alive today have been victims of female genital mutilation (FGM) 1 in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia ( 1 ).

  8. May 19, 2021 · Abstract. The practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) is a deeply-rooted tradition that affects predominantly regions of Africa and Asia. Because of migration flows, FGM is an issue of increasing concern worldwide. FGM is now carried out in Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand, and more specifically among immigrant communities ...

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