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Timur or Tamerlane (8 April 1336 – 17–19 February 1405) was a Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in and around modern-day Afghanistan, Iran, and Central Asia, becoming the first ruler of the Timurid dynasty. An undefeated commander, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest military leaders and tacticians in history ...
- Timurid Empire
The empire was founded by Timur (also known as Tamerlane), a...
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The Timurid dynasty, self-designated as Gurkani (Persian:...
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Otrar or Utrar (Kazakh: Отырар, Otyrar, [wotəˈɾɑɾ]; Old...
- Timurid Renaissance
The Timurid Renaissance or Turkic Renaissance was a...
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Map of Gunpowder empires Mughal Army artillerymen during the...
- Gur-e-Amir
The Gūr-i Amīr or Guri Amir (Uzbek: Amir Temur Maqbarasi,...
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Shqip; سنڌي; Slovenčina ... Timur (Tamerlane) (1336–1405),...
- Timurid Empire
Wikipedia Shqip është versioni shqip i Wikipedia-s, enciklopedisë së lirë. Ajo filloi më 12 tetor 2003 dhe tani përmban 84.261 artikuj . Për nga numri i artikujve, Wikipedia shqip e mban vendin e 75-të [1] sipas listës së Wikipedia-ve.
People also ask
What happened to the Timurid dynasty in 1467?
Was Timur Leng an emir?
Why is Timur called Tamerlane?
Why did the Timurids not subjugate other nomadic tribes?
Timuri ose Timurlengu ( Persisht: تیمور Temūr, Çagataisht: Temur, 9 prill 1336 - 18 shkurt 1405), i njohur historikisht si Amir Timur dhe Tamerlane (Persisht: تيمور لنگ Temūr (-i) Lang, Lame "), ishte një pushtues turko-mongol që themeloi Perandorinë Timuride në dhe rreth Afganistanit të sotëm, Iranit dhe Azisë Qendrore, duke u bërë sundimtari i...
- 9 prill 1370 – 14 shkurt 1405
- Emir Husein (si sundimtar i Transoksianës)
- 9 prill 1370, Balkh
- Khalil Sultan
- Overview
- Timur
- The Uzbeks
While the Golden Horde was beginning to enter its long decline in the late 14th century, the demise of Chagataid rule in the area between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya was taking place as a result of the rise of Timur. Under Timur’s leadership the Turko-Mongol tribes located in the basins of the two rivers were first united. With the assistance of these tribes he expanded into the neighbouring regions of Khorāsān, Sīstān, Khwārezm, and Mughulistān before embarking upon extensive campaigning in what are now Iran and Iraq, eastern Turkey, and the Caucasus region. In addition, he launched two successful attacks on his erstwhile protégé, Tokhtamysh, ruler of the Golden Horde. In 1398–99 Timur invaded northern India and sacked Delhi, and between 1399 and 1402 he turned westward again to harry the Egyptian Mamluks in Syria and the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I, whom he captured in battle near Ankara. At the time of his death at Otrar on the Syr Darya in 1405, Timur was leading his forces on an invasion of China.
Timur never assumed openly the full attributes of sovereignty, contenting himself with the title of emir while upholding the fictional authority of a series of puppet khans of the line of Chagatai, to whom he claimed kinship by marriage; in consequence he styled himself güregen, meaning “son-in-law” (i.e., of the Chagataid khan). He seems to have lacked the innate administrative capacity or the foresight of Genghis Khan, and after Timur’s death his conquests were disputed among his numerous progeny. In the ensuing struggles his fourth son, Shāh Rukh (1407–47), emerged victorious. He abandoned his father’s capital of Samarkand for Herāt in Khorāsān (now in western Afghanistan), where he ruled in great splendour, leaving his son, Ulūgh Beg, as his deputy in the former capital. Ulūgh Beg’s rule in Samarkand between 1409 and 1447 probably brought a considerable measure of tranquility to the long-troubled region. An enthusiastic astronomer and the builder of a celebrated observatory, Ulūgh Beg ensured that during his lifetime Samarkand would be a major centre of scientific learning, especially in astronomy and mathematics. He was killed on the orders of his son, ʿAbd al-Laṭīf, in 1449.
While the Golden Horde was beginning to enter its long decline in the late 14th century, the demise of Chagataid rule in the area between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya was taking place as a result of the rise of Timur. Under Timur’s leadership the Turko-Mongol tribes located in the basins of the two rivers were first united. With the assistance of these tribes he expanded into the neighbouring regions of Khorāsān, Sīstān, Khwārezm, and Mughulistān before embarking upon extensive campaigning in what are now Iran and Iraq, eastern Turkey, and the Caucasus region. In addition, he launched two successful attacks on his erstwhile protégé, Tokhtamysh, ruler of the Golden Horde. In 1398–99 Timur invaded northern India and sacked Delhi, and between 1399 and 1402 he turned westward again to harry the Egyptian Mamluks in Syria and the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I, whom he captured in battle near Ankara. At the time of his death at Otrar on the Syr Darya in 1405, Timur was leading his forces on an invasion of China.
Timur never assumed openly the full attributes of sovereignty, contenting himself with the title of emir while upholding the fictional authority of a series of puppet khans of the line of Chagatai, to whom he claimed kinship by marriage; in consequence he styled himself güregen, meaning “son-in-law” (i.e., of the Chagataid khan). He seems to have lacked the innate administrative capacity or the foresight of Genghis Khan, and after Timur’s death his conquests were disputed among his numerous progeny. In the ensuing struggles his fourth son, Shāh Rukh (1407–47), emerged victorious. He abandoned his father’s capital of Samarkand for Herāt in Khorāsān (now in western Afghanistan), where he ruled in great splendour, leaving his son, Ulūgh Beg, as his deputy in the former capital. Ulūgh Beg’s rule in Samarkand between 1409 and 1447 probably brought a considerable measure of tranquility to the long-troubled region. An enthusiastic astronomer and the builder of a celebrated observatory, Ulūgh Beg ensured that during his lifetime Samarkand would be a major centre of scientific learning, especially in astronomy and mathematics. He was killed on the orders of his son, ʿAbd al-Laṭīf, in 1449.
The early history of the Uzbek people (whose rulers were descendants of a younger brother of Batu, khan of the Golden Horde) is wrapped in obscurity, but by the mid-15th century they had migrated from their original homeland, east of the Ural Mountains, southeast toward the lower Syr Darya, whence, under their leader, Abūʾl-Khayr Khan, they began to threaten the Timurids across the river. However, before Abūʾl-Khayr could undertake a full-scale invasion, he was killed in battle in 1468 by two rebellious kinsmen who, refusing to recognize his assertion of paramountcy, had defected, together with their tribal followers, and placed themselves under the nominal suzerainty of the Chagataid khan of Mughulistān. Their descendants were to become the Kazakh hordes of later centuries.
With the death of Abūʾl-Khayr, the fortunes of the Uzbeks temporarily declined, only to be revived under the leadership of his grandson, Muḥammad Shaybānī, who by 1500 had made himself master of Samarkand as well as of the Syr Darya and Amu Darya basins and was advancing into Khorāsān (Herāt fell to him in 1507) when he was defeated and killed in 1510 by Shah Ismāʿil Ṣafavi. He had, however, changed the course of Central Asian history. By the time of his death, all the lands between the Syr Darya and Amu Darya were in Uzbek hands, and so they were to remain. Throughout the 16th century, Muḥammad Shaybānī’s kinsmen ruled over a powerful and aggressive khanate from Bukhara. They continued Muḥammad Shaybānī’s feud with the Iranian Safavids, articulated along Shiʿi-versus-Sunni lines, and with the Mughal dynasty in India, whose founder, the Timurid Babur, had been driven out of Central Asia by Shaybānī. In contrast, friendly, if sporadic, ties with the Ottomans were maintained by way of the Volga-Don steppes. Unlike the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals, however, the Uzbeks had only limited access to firearms, which placed them at a considerable disadvantage with their rivals.
Kaffir (/ ˈ k æ f ər /), also spelled Cafri, is an exonym and an ethnic slur – the use of it in reference to black people being particularly common in South Africa.In Arabic, the word kāfir ("unbeliever") was originally applied to non Muslims before becoming predominantly focused on pagan zanj (South-Eastern African) who were increasingly used as slaves.
Në Arkivin Qendror të Shtetit, Tiranë, në Fondin 144 – Koleksioni i hartave, gjendet dosja nr. 3, me afat ruajtje të përhershëm, me 42 fletë, e cila përmban hartën e Shqipërisë së Vërtetë, punuar nga prof. Ahmet Gashi, si dhe një studim të tij me titull “Shqipnija ethnike edhe vuajtjet e shqiptarëve në Shqipnin e robnueme”, përgatitur më 1941.
