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Multiple organ failure: Signe Toly Anderson Jefferson Airplane: 74: January 28, 2016: Beaverton, Oregon, U.S. COPD: Billy Faier: 85: January 29, 2016: Alpine, Texas, U.S. Jon Bunch Further Seems Forever, Sense Field: 45: February 1, 2016: Long Beach, California, U.S. Suicidal overdose: Maurice White Earth, Wind & Fire: 74: February 4, 2016
Retrieved 2014-12-20. ^ Carl Davis, music producer of "The Chicago Sound" dies at 77, Chicago Sun-Times, 9 August 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2012. ^ Reich, Howard (13 August 2012), "Von Freeman, Chicago jazz legend, dead at 88", Chicago Tribune, retrieved August 13, 2012. ^ "Elton John bassist Bob Birch, 56, found dead in L.A".
- Overview
- History
- Pipe Organs
- Non-Piped Organs
- Mechanical Organs
- Music
- See Also
- Further Reading
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Pipe organs, which use air moving through pipes to produce sounds. The air is supplied by bellows, an electric motor or water. Since the 16th century, pipe organs have used various materials for pi...Mechanical organs, which include the barrel organ and Orchestrion. These are controlled by mechanical means such as pinned barrels or book music. Little barrel organs dispense with the hands of an...Predecessors
Predecessors to the organ include: 1. Panpipes, pan flute, syrinx, and nai, etc., are considered as ancestor of the pipe organ. 2. Aulos, an ancient double reed instrument with two pipes, is the origin of the word Hydr-aulis(water-aerophone).
Origins
The organ is a relatively old musical instrument, dating from the time of Ctesibius of Alexandria (285–222 BC), who invented the water organ. It was played throughout the Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman world, particularly during races and games. During the early medieval period it spread from the Byzantine Empire, where it continued to be used in secular (non-religious) and imperial court music, to Western Europe, where it gradually assumed a prominent place in the liturgy of the Catholic Ch...
Early organs
Early organs include: 1. 3rd century BC: the Hydraulis, ancient Greek water-powered organ played by valves. 2. 1st century (at least): the Ptera and the Pteron, an ancient Roman organ similar in appearance to the portative organs 3. 2nd century: the Magrepha, ancient Hebrew organ of ten pipes played by a keyboard 4. 8th century: Pippin's organ of 757 (Carolingian dynasty) was sent as a gift to the West by the Byzantine emperor Constantine V 5. 9th century: the automatic flute player (and poss...
The pipe organ is the largest musical instrument. These instruments vary greatly in size, ranging from a cubic meter to a height reaching five floors, and are built in churches, synagogues, concert halls, and homes. Small organs are called "positive" (easily placed in different locations) or "portative" (small enough to carry while playing). The pi...
Reed or pump organ
The pump organ, reed organ or harmonium, was the other main type of organ before the development of the electronic organ. It generated its sounds using reeds similar to those of an accordion. Smaller, cheaper and more portable than the corresponding pipe instrument, these were widely used in smaller churches and in private homes, but their volume and tonal range was extremely limited. They were generally limited to one or two manuals; they seldom had a pedalboard. 1. Harmoniumor parlor organ:...
Electronic organs
Since the 1930s, pipeless electric instruments have been available to produce similar sounds and perform similar roles to pipe organs. Many of these have been bought both by houses of worship and other potential pipe organ customers, and also by many musicians both professional and amateur for whom a pipe organ would not be a possibility. Far smaller and cheaper to buy than a corresponding pipe instrument, and in many cases portable, they have taken organ music into private homes and into dan...
Mechanical organsinclude: 1. Barrel organ: made famous by organ grindersin its portable form, the larger form often equipped with keyboards for human performance 2. Organette: small, accordion-like instrument manufactured in New York in the late 1800s 3. Novelty instruments or various types that operate on the same principles. These pipe organs use...
Classical music
The organ has had an important place in classical music, particularly since the 16th century. Spain's Antonio de Cabezón, the Netherlands' Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck, and Italy's Girolamo Frescobaldi were three of the most important organist-composers before 1650. Influenced in part by Sweelinck and Frescobaldi, the North German school rose from the mid-17th century onwards to great prominence, with leading members of this school having included Buxtehude, Franz Tunder, Georg Böhm, Georg Phili...
Jazz
Electronic organs and electromechanical organs such as the Hammond organhave an established role in a number of popular-music genres, such as blues, jazz, gospel, and 1960s and 1970s rock music. Electronic and electromechanical organs were originally designed as lower-cost substitutes for pipe organs. Despite this intended role as a sacred music instrument, electronic and electromechanical organs' distinctive tone-often modified with electronic effects such as vibrato, rotating Leslie speaker...
Popular music
Performers of 20th century popular organ music include William Rowland who composed "Piano Rags"; George Wright (1920–1998) and Virgil Fox(1912–1980), who bridged both the classical and religious areas of music. Church-style pipe organs are sometimes used in rock music. Examples include Tangerine Dream, Rick Wakeman (with Yes and solo), Keith Emerson (with The Nice and Emerson, Lake and Palmer), George Duke (with Frank Zappa), Dennis DeYoung (with Styx), Arcade Fire, Muse, Roger Hodgson (form...
Rimbault, Edward Francis (c. 1865). The Early English Organ Builders and their work . London: William Reeves.André Isoir was organist titulaire at St-Médard in Paris from 1952 to 1967 and at St. Severin in 1967. Since 1973 he has been titulaire (head organist) at the ancient Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés in Paris. In 1974 Isoir was appointed to the organ staff at the Conservatoire d'Orsay, in 1977 promoted to the rank of National School of Music.
Apr 8, 2016 · Peter Fredric Williams, musicologist and keyboard player, born 14 May 1937; died 20 March 2016
Peter Williams (14 May 1937 – 20 March 2016) was an English musicologist, author, harpsichordist, organist, and professor. Williams was considered one of the leading scholars on the organ and the life and works of Johann Sebastian Bach.
The following is a list of organ composers. As well as citing the most regarded composers of music for the pipe organ, this list includes important anonymous and early music sources, as well as composers from under-researched regions and countries. Eras of composition are roughly categorized as follows: Medieval: before 1440; Renaissance: 1440 ...
