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A map of the territorial expansion of the Ottoman Empire from 1307 to 1683. This article provides a timeline of the Ottoman Empire. This timeline is incomplete; some important events may be missing. Please help add to it.
- Overview
- Early 14th century
- 1324–38
- 1361
- 1444–81
- 1481–1512
- 1512–20
- 1520–66
- Late 17th and 18th centuries
- 1839–76
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The nomadic Turkmen chief Osman I founds the Ottoman dynasty and empire in western Anatolia (Asia Minor). The name of the empire is derived from the Arabic form (ʿUthmān) of his name.
Osman’s son and successor Orhan captures the city of Bursa from the Byzantines in 1324. (Some sources date the event to 1326.) Orhan is soon able to capture the remaining Byzantine towns in northwestern Anatolia: İznik (1331), İzmit (1337), and Üsküdar (1338).
Orhan’s son Murad I extends Ottoman conquests northward into Thrace, culminating with the capture of Adrianople.
Much of Anatolia falls to the Ottomans during the reign of Mehmed II (ruled 1444–46 and 1451–81). It is he who captures Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1453 and makes it the capital of the Ottoman Empire. Mehmed lays the foundations for Ottoman rule in Anatolia and southeastern Europe.
Bayezid II reigns during this period. Bayezid extends the Ottoman Empire in Europe, adds outposts along the Black Sea, and puts down revolts in Anatolia. He also captures Venetian ports to establish bases for complete Ottoman naval control of the eastern Mediterranean.
Bayezid’s successor, Selim I, comes to the throne in 1512. He establishes firm control over the army. During his reign, which lasts until 1520, the Ottomans move south- and eastward into Syria, Arabia, and Egypt. Selim doubles the size of the empire, adding to it all the lands, except Iran and Mesopotamia, that had made up the Islamic state known a...
Süleyman I (also known as Süleyman the Magnificent) becomes the Ottoman sultan in 1520. He captures Belgrade (now in Serbia) in 1521 and Rhodes (now part of Greece) in 1522–23. He breaks the military power of Hungary. In 1529 he lays siege to Vienna but is forced to withdraw for lack of supplies. He also wages three campaigns against Persia (Iran)....
The Ottomans fail in their final attempt (1683) to capture the city of Vienna. This and subsequent losses lead them to relinquish Hungary in 1699. The empire continues to weaken in the 18th century, losing a great deal of territory.
Abdülmecid I (ruled 1839–61) and Abdülaziz (ruled 1861–76) carry out a number of reforms, especially in the areas of education and law. However, a lack of money and of skilled men handicaps the sultans. In addition, traditionalists argue that their reforms are destroying the empire’s Islamic character. Meanwhile, pressure from major European powers...
Apr 14, 2024 · Ottoman Empire, empire created by Turkish tribes that grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world in the 15th and 16th centuries. Its dynasty was founded by a prince (bey), Osman, after the Mongols defeated the Seljuqs at the end of the 13th century.
- Where did the Ottoman Empire start?The Ottoman Empire was founded in Anatolia, the location of modern-day Turkey. Originating in Söğüt (near Bursa, Turkey), the Ottoman dynasty expan...
- How did the Ottoman Empire start?The Ottoman Empire began at the very end of the 13th century with a series of raids from Turkic warriors (known as ghazis) led by Osman I, a prince...
- Why was the Ottoman Empire called “the sick man of Europe”?After the peak of Ottoman rule under Süleyman the Magnificent in the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire struggled to maintain its bloated bureaucracy...
- How did the Ottoman Empire end?The Ottoman Empire disintegrated and was partitioned after its defeat in World War I. The empire had already been in decline for centuries, struggl...
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Explore the timline of Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Sultanate (1299-1922 as an empire; 1922-1924 as caliphate only), also referred to as the Ottoman Empire, written in Turkish as Osmanlı Devleti, was a Turkic imperial state that was conceived...
Mar 30, 2023 · The Ottoman Empire was founded c. 1299 by Osman I as a small beylik in northwestern Asia Minor just south of the Byzantine capital Constantinople. In 1326, the Ottomans captured nearby Bursa, cutting off Asia Minor from Byzantine control.
Aug 24, 2020 · Definition. The Ottoman Sultanate (1299-1922 as an empire; 1922-1924 as caliphate only), also referred to as the Ottoman Empire, written in Turkish as Osmanlı Devleti, was a Turkic imperial state that was conceived by and named after Osman (l. 1258-1326), an Anatolian chieftain. At its peak in the 16th and 17th centuries, the empire controlled ...
Territorial evolution of the Ottoman Empire. The origins of the Ottomans can be traced back to the late 11th century when a few small Muslim emirates of Turkic origins and nomadic nature—called Beyliks—started to be found in different parts of Anatolia Their main role was to defend Seljuk border areas with the Byzantine Empire —a role reinforced by the migration of many Turks to Asia Minor.
