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May 3, 2024 · The mechanisms and modulation of pain involves a complicated process involving peripheral nociceptors, spinal cord, central nervous system, ascending and descending pain pathways, pain producing chemical agents, neurotransmitters, immune cells, and sympathetic nervous system.
Apr 20, 2024 · This review aims to summarize the emerging evidence on the role of the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway in alleviating pain and provide an overview of the mechanisms involved in pain resolution, including the regulation of macrophages, microglia, T cells, as well as nociceptor neurons.
May 3, 2024 · Research has shown that spinal cord astrocytes upregulate Fgf-2, a neurotrophic and gliogenic factor, in response to the ligation of spinal nerves L5 and L6. Studies have revealed that endogenous astroglial Fgf-2 plays a role in sustaining neuropathic pain (NP) tactile allodynia, which is linked to the reactivity of spinal cord astrocytes.
5 days ago · Pain is perceived down to a more caudal level than tactile stimuli. Pain fibers cross the midline over multiple spinal levels (ie, they cross as they ascend). The first pain fibers to become damaged have entered the spinal cord one to two segments below the lesion (Figure 10–1A; see also Figure 5–1). Pain fibers entering at the level of the ...
Apr 17, 2024 · Our data suggest that the anatomical pathways responsible for NREMS fragmentation after nerve injury are the same nociceptive pathways that trigger spontaneous pain in awake animals. Whether generating a conscious pain sensation requires neural circuits only activated when awake remains unknown.
3 days ago · The sensory stimuli that activate spinal reflex pathways act outside the spinal cord, on receptors in muscles, joints, and skin. By contrast, the neural circuitry responsible for the motor response is entirely contained within the spinal cord.
