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Papal States, Italian Stati Pontifici, Territories of central Italy over which the pope had sovereignty from 756 to 1870. The extent of the territory and the degree of papal control varied over the centuries. As early as the 4th century, the popes had acquired considerable property around Rome (called the Patrimony of St. Peter).
- The French Domination
- Restoration and Reaction
- Tensions and Unrest
- Pius IX
- Bibliography
In the summer of 1796, French troops entered the States of the Church and, by the peace of Tolentino of 19 February 1797, the northern regions were ceded to French control, being annexed to the Cisalpine Republic. In January 1798 a French army moved south and received the capitulation of Rome on 10 February. On 15 January a movement of Roman citize...
The papacy of Pius VII, like the Habsburg governments in Italy, recognized the value of the administrative and legal reforms of the Kingdom of Italy and sought to build on them. Consalvi embarked on a program to modernize and render more uniform the patchwork institutions of the Papal State and, with limited success, to stimulate its commerce and a...
There was a growing resentment of Roman central control in the northern region of the state, particularly in the more economically advanced Emilia with its capital Bologna, where the old elites, on whom the papal administration relied, were being challenged by social newcomers. The administrative centralization and standardization, pursued especial...
There were great expectations of change when Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, the former bishop of Imola, was elected to succeed Gregory XVI as Pius IX in 1846. In 1847 the process of political liberalization began with the initiatives of Pius IXin the Papal State, perhaps precisely because of the exceptional problems of police control there. The ea...
Caravale, Mario, and Alberto Caracciolo. Lo Stato Pontificio da Martino V a Pio IX.Turin, 1978. Fundamental. Coppa, Frank J. Cardinal Giacomo Antonelli and Papal Politics in European Affairs.Albany, N.Y., 1990. A particularly useful study of the reign of Pius IX. ——. The Modern Papacy since 1789.London, 1998. Kertzer, David I. Prisoner of the Vatic...
Year 8. The pope as a prince: The political power of the Papal States. © History Skills. The Papal States, a unique blend of spiritual sanctity and temporal power, have long stood as a testament to the intricate dance between church and state in the heart of Europe.
The Papal States, State (s) of the Church or Pontifical States (in Italian Stato Ecclesiastico, Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa or Stati Pontificii) were one of the major historical states of Italy before the Italian peninsula was unified in 1861 by the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia (after which the Papal States, in less territorially ...
Papal States, 1052–1860 (to France 1806–1814) Kingdom of Naples: House of Anjou-Durazzo, 1382–1435; House of Aragon, 1435–1501 (briefly to France in 1495); disputed rule by France and Spain, 1501–1504, thence to Crown of Spain, 1504–1713. Corsica: Genoese rule, 14th century–1768.
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By gifts, purchases, and conquests, the popes became rulers over one of the oldest continuously functioning states of Europe, the Papal States, a territory that stretched from Rome and its environs northeastward to the Adriatic Sea.
