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Article 9
- Article 9 of the Bill of Rights 1689 states: "That the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any Court or place out of Parliament."
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What is the United States Bill of Rights?
On 20 May 2016, an amendment to the Constitution has been passed by the Parliament, removing parliamentary immunity. Due to surpassing the two-thirds majority threshold, the amendment was able to pass without a constitutional referendum. [17]
The United States Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.
- September 25, 1789
- National Archives
- December 15, 1791
Parliamentary privilege is a legal immunity enjoyed by members of certain legislatures, in which legislators are granted protection against civil or criminal liability for actions done or statements made in the course of their legislative duties. It is common in countries whose constitutions are based on the Westminster system . Origins.
The Constitution specifically protects members of Congress against interference with their deliberative function. The special privileges and immunities attendant on congressional membership are contained in the first clause of Article I, section 6, of the Constitution.
- [Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, Petition (1791)] (see explanation)
- [Right to Bear Arms (1791)] (see explanation)
- [Quartering of Troops (1791)] (see explanation)
- [Search and Seizure (1791)] (see explanation)
Immunity from civil suit, both in law and equity, and from criminal action based on the performance of legislative duties flows from a determination that a challenged act is within the definition of legislative activity, but the Court in the more recent cases appears to have narrowed the concept somewhat.
This Clause, which is textually tied to state citizenship, should not be confused with the distinct provision in the Fourteenth Amendment—the “Privileges or Immunities Clause” —which protects the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States against state invasion.2 Footnote U.S. Const. amend.
