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Pergamon or Pergamum ( / ˈpɜːrɡəmən / or / ˈpɜːrɡəmɒn /; Greek: Πέργαμον ), also referred to by its modern Greek form Pergamos ( Πέργαμος ), [a] [1] was a rich and powerful ancient Greek city in Mysia. It is located 26 kilometres (16 mi) from the modern coastline of the Aegean Sea on a promontory on the north side of ...
Mar 18, 2024 · The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Pergamum, ancient Greek city in Mysia, situated 16 miles from the Aegean Sea on a lofty isolated hill on the northern side of the broad valley of the Caicus (modern Bakır) River. The site is occupied by the modern town of Bergama, in the il (province) of İzmir, Turkey. Pergamum existed at least.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Sep 14, 2023 · Explore the ruins of Pergamon, a former Greco-Roman city in Turkey, and its role in science, medicine and religion. Learn about its history, monuments, library and the Great Altar of Pergamon, which some identify with the throne of Satan in Revelation.
- Historical & Mythic Origins
- Persia & Lysimachus
- Attalid Dynasty & Pergamon's Height
- Roman Period
- Conclusion
- GeneratedCaptionsTabForHeroSec
Archaeological evidence dates the origin of the settlement to the Archaic Period in Greece (c. 800-480 BCE), although finds have strongly suggested habitation by the Hittites in the 14th century BCE and human activity in the region even earlier. The site of the early settlement was high on a cliff to the north of the River Caicus and so was both ea...
Cyrus II (also known as Cyrus the Great, r. c. 550-530 BCE) took the region by 539 BCE as part of the Achaemenid Empire. Cyrus II was succeeded by Cambyses II (r. 530-522 BCE) who ignored the city as did his successor Darius I (also known as Darius the Great, r. 522-486 BCE), and, under his son, Xerxes I (r. 486-465 BCE), Pergamon was given to the ...
Philetaerus had defected from Lysimachus before the latter's death and had actually offered the treasury to Seleucus I Nicator but felt no obligation to do the same with his successor. A eunuch since youth, he adopted his nephew Eumenes I (r. 263-241 BCE) who continued the dynasty through his successors: 1. Attalus I (r. 241-197 BCE) 2. Eumenes II ...
The Roman Republic had many other matters to keep it busy at first but then began to exert more direct control over the cities of Anatolia, increasing taxation and limiting personal freedoms. Eventually, a revolt was mounted by Mithridates VI, King of Pontus (r. 120-63 BCE) known as the Mithridatic Wars (89-63 BCE) which cost the lives of thousands...
The site first gained European attention in the 15th century, with increasing interest in the 18th century, and the first excavations began in the 19th century. The German engineer Carl Humann first visited the site in 1864/1865 while working on a road and returned in 1869 for the sole purpose of excavating the site. He found many pieces of the Alt...
Pergamon was a major cultural center in Mysia (modern-day Turkey) during the Hellenistic and Roman periods. Learn about its history, monuments, library, and origin myths from this comprehensive article.
- Joshua J. Mark
May 18, 2021 · Pergamum was a thriving ancient Greek then Roman city in Mysia, Turkey, close to the Aegean Sea. It was the centre of the Pergamese kingdom and supported Rome and allied with them against the Macedonians. It has famous sites such as its library, theatre, library and Roman Temple of Trajan.
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Pergamon is a historic site in Turkey's Aegean region that reflects the cultural and architectural influences of Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman civilizations. It features monuments such as the acropolis, the Asclepion, the Serapeum, the Kybele Sanctuary and the tumuli.
The Attalid Dynasty founded one of the largest libraries in Pergamon. Additionally, they created the famous sculpture school due to the rivalry between three Hellenistic dynasties. After the city was passed to the Romans in 133 BC, Pergamon became a metropolis and served as the capital of the Roman Province of Asia during the Roman imperial period.
