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From 1980 to 2018, more than 30,000 people have died by police violence in the United States, according to a 2021 article published in The Lancet. For 2022, Mapping Police Violence counted at least 1,176 individuals killed, making it the deadliest year on record.
Map of per capita police killings in the United States in 2018. Below are lists of people killed by law enforcement in the United States, both on duty and off duty.
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- Databases
- Frequency
- Racial Patterns
- Policy
- Legal Standards
- See Also
- Further Reading
Although Congress instructed the Attorney General in 1994 to compile and publish annual statistics on police use of excessive force, this was never carried out, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation does not collect these data. Consequently, no official national database exists to track such killings. This has led multiple non-governmental entiti...
The annual average number of justifiable homicides alone was previously estimated to be near 400. Updated estimates from the Bureau of Justice Statistics released in 2015 estimate the number to be around 930 per year, or 1,240 if assuming that non-reporting local agencies kill people at the same rate as reporting agencies.A 2019 study by Esposito, ...
Civilian characteristics
According to The Guardian's database, in 2016 the rate of fatal police shootings per million was 10.13 for Native Americans, 6.6 for black people, 3.23 for Hispanics; 2.9 for white people and 1.17 for Asians. In absolute numbers, police kill more white people than any other race or ethnicity, understood in light of the fact that white people make up the largest proportion of the US population. As a percentage of the U.S. population, black Americans were 2.5 times more likely than whites to be...
Officer characteristics
Cesario and coauthors in their 2019 study found that the race of police officers is not a significant predictor in the use of deadly force.Despite maintaining the validity of this conclusion, the authors eventually retracted the paper as a whole, citing "continued misuse" of their findings. According to a written statement published by the authors, their initial paper carelessly described inferences that could be drawn from their data. Specifically, this led to the use of their study to suppo...
Gender of suspect
Kaminski et al. (2004) found that male officers were more likely to use a firm grip on male suspects compared to female suspects, and policemen utilized a greater amount of overall force on male suspects compared to female suspects.Other studies, such as those of Engel et al. (2000), have found mixed results regarding gender, claiming that their use of force was not significantly related to gender.
Studies have shown that administrative policies regarding police use of deadly force are associated with reduced use of such force by law enforcement officers. Using less lethal weapons, such as tasers, can also significantly reduce injuries related to use-of-force events.
In Tennessee v. Garner (1985), the Supreme Court held that "[i]t is not better that all felony suspects die than that they escape," and thus the police use of deadly force against unarmed and non-dangerous suspects is in violation of the Fourth Amendment. Following this decision, police departments across the United States adopted stricter policies...
Brooks, Rosa (2021). Tangled up in Blue: Policing the American City. New York. ISBN 978-0-525-55785-2. OCLC 1155702607.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Apr 19, 2024 · Black people are 2.9x more likely to be killed by police than white people in. the U.S. . Police killings per 1 million people in the U.S., 2013– 2024. Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Black Native American Hispanic White Asian 110 79 killing s 44 36 27 9.1. Race and ethnicity population data from the 2020 Decennial Census.
Mar 21, 2024 · Police brutality in the United States, the unwarranted or excessive and often illegal use of force against civilians by U.S. police officers. Forms of police brutality have ranged from assault and battery (e.g., beatings) to mayhem, torture, and murder.
The definitive map of US police killings in 2015 and 2016. Interactive database. People killed by police in the US in 2015 and 2016. FBI director. 'Unacceptable' that Guardian has better...
2024. This data interactive, Mapping Police Violence, features a collection of interactive tools, maps, and figures that illustrate police violence in the United States. Users can view an interactive map of the United States showing all of the people killed by police for each day in a specific year.
