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What does prevalence mean?
What is the difference between incidence and prevalence?
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noun. prev· a· lence ˈpre-və-lən (t)s. ˈprev-lən (t)s. Synonyms of prevalence. 1. : the quality or state of being prevalent. 2. : the degree to which something is prevalent. especially : the percentage of a population that is affected with a particular disease at a given time. Synonyms. commonness. frequence. frequency. frequentness.
- Counts
- Incidence and Prevalence
- Prevalence
- Incidence
- Uses of Incidence and Prevalence
- Relationship Between Incidence and Prevalence
- Summary
- References
Sometimes, particularly for extremely rare conditions, we only need to know how many people are sick. How many cases of disease X or health behavior Y were there? A count is just a number—there are no fractions, numerators, or denominators, and the units are always “people.” During the 2017/2018 academic year, for instance, an outbreak of meningoco...
There are 2 commonly used measures of disease frequency that incorporate denominator information: one is a measure of existing disease (prevalence), and the other is a measure of new disease (incidence). Incidence is used to study causes of disease, whereas prevalence is used more for resource allocation.
Prevalence is a proportion, meaning that everyone who appears in the numerator must also appear in the denominator. This also means that prevalence ranges from zero (no one has the disease) to one (everyone has the disease), and it is usually expressed as a percent. Prevalence gives us a snapshot of the population-level disease burden at a given ti...
Incidenceis a tricky word in epidemiology, because while it is always a measure of new cases, there are 2 possible denominators and at least a half-dozen words that all refer to this same thing. Yikes! The numerator for incidence is always the number of new cases of a disease observed over some time period. This means that, to study incidence, you ...
As stated above, incidence is used to study the causes of disease. Prevalence is less useful for this because the disease has already happened; we thus have no way of knowing whether the disease or the exposure happened first (necessary for establishing causality). For instance, obesity is associated with lower levels of physical activity—one possi...
As mentioned above, prevalence is affected by both the incidence (how many new cases pop up) and the disease’s duration. If people live longer with a disease, then they remain prevalent cases for longer. Thus Here is an example: Figure 2-5 shows the prevalence (blue line) and incidence (red dotted line) of HIV. In the early 1980s at the beginning o...
This chapter discusses 3 measures of disease frequency: counts, which are used for extremely rare conditions; prevalence, which considers new and existing cases and is used for resource allocation; and incidence, which considers only new cases and is used to study diseaseetiology. Incidence can further be broken down into incidence proportion (whic...
i. Meningococcal disease. Student Health Services. 2009. https://studenthealth.oregonstate.edu/infectious-diseases/meningococcal-disease. Published August 28, 2009. Accessed October 19, 2018. (↵ Return 1) (↵ Return 2) ii. Oregon Health Authority . Oregon birth data. State of Oregon. https://www.oregon.gov/oha/PH/BirthDeathCertificates/VitalStatisti...
- Marit L. Bovbjerg
- 2020
Prevalence and incidence are common measures of disease frequency used in epidemiology. Prevalence can be calculated in three ways: as a general measure, or, just as ‘prevalence’; as a point in time, ‘point prevalence,’ or, during a specific period of time, ‘Period Prevalence.’. Prevalence common uses.
Define and calculate prevalence (and be able to distinguish between point prevalence and period prevalence). Be able to explain the use of prevalence in public health. Define and distinguish between cumulative incidence and incidence rate, and describe their strengths and limitations.
prevalence. noun [ U ] us / ˈprev. ə l.əns / uk / ˈprev. ə l.əns / Add to word list. the fact that something is very common or happens often: the prevalence of smoking among teenagers. The prevalence of the disease is higher in some families. See. prevalent. Fewer examples. Doctors are seeing an increase in the prevalence of obesity.
noun [ U ] uk / ˈprev. ə l.əns / us / ˈprev. ə l.əns / Add to word list. the fact that something is very common or happens often: the prevalence of smoking among teenagers. The prevalence of the disease is higher in some families. See. prevalent. Fewer examples. Doctors are seeing an increase in the prevalence of obesity.
Nov 19, 2020 · This chapter discusses 3 measures of disease frequency: counts, which are used for extremely rare conditions; prevalence, which considers new and existing cases and is used for resource allocation; and incidence, which considers only new cases and is used to study disease etiology.
