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Jul 17, 2023 · Understanding protein synthesis is paramount in studying various medical fields, from the molecular basis of genetic diseases through antibiotic development to expressing recombinant proteins as drugs or clinical laboratory reagents.
Key terms. Term. Meaning. RNA (ribonucleic acid) Single-stranded nucleic acid that carries out the instructions coded in DNA. Central dogma of biology. The process by which the information in genes flows into proteins: DNA → RNA → protein. Polypeptide. A chain of amino acids.
Proteins are the active players in most cell processes, implementing the myriad tasks that are directed by the information encoded in genomic DNA. Protein synthesis is thus the final stage of gene expression.
At the beginning of protein synthesis, just like DNA replication, the double helix structure of DNA uncoils in order for mRNA to replicate the genetic sequence responsible for the coding of a particular protein.
Feb 17, 2023 · Protein synthesis, as the name implies, is the process by which every cell produces specific proteins in its ribosome. In this process, polypeptide chains are formed from varying amounts of 20 different amino acids.
Ribosomal protein synthesis begins with the amino acid methionine across all domains of life. This unique ability of methionine to initiate protein synthesis is derived from the structure of its cognate tRNA, which exists in two forms: elongator and initiator methionine tRNA.
Protein synthesis definition: the process by which amino acids are linearly arranged into proteins through the involvement of ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, messenger RNA, and various enzymes.. See examples of PROTEIN SYNTHESIS used in a sentence.
