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Quebec was first called Canada between 1534 and 1763. It was the most developed colony of New France as well as New France's centre, responsible for a variety of dependencies (ex. Acadia, Plaisance, Louisiana, and the Pays d'en Haut ). Common themes in Quebec's early history as Canada include the fur trade — because it was the main industry ...
Quebec City (/ k w ɪ ˈ b ɛ k / ⓘ or / k ə ˈ b ɛ k /; French: Ville de Québec), officially Québec (French pronunciation:), is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec. As of July 2021, the city had a population of 549,459, [13] and the metropolitan area had a population of 839,311. [14]
- Canada
- 3 July 1608, by Samuel de Champlain
- 98 m (322 ft)
- Capitale-Nationale
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Where was French Louisiana located?
During this period, Louisiana population rose from 12,000 to 50,000 inhabitants, mostly French, Canadians or Acadians. This large increase can be explained by the arrival of numerous Acadian deportees after 1755, of Frenchmen fleeing the French Revolution of 1789 and of Creoles fleeing Haiti’s revolution of 1791.
The history of Quebec City extends back thousands of years, with its first inhabitants being the First Nations peoples of the region. The arrival of French explorers in the 16th century eventually led to the establishment of Quebec City, in present-day Quebec, Canada. The city is one of the oldest European settlements in North America, with the ...
- Boundaries, Settlement and Geography
- History
- Political and Administrative Organization
- Religious Establishment
- Colonial Society
- French and The Native Americans
- Economy of French Louisiana
- End of French Louisiana
- French Heritage Today
- See Also
In the 18th century, Louisiana included most of the Mississippi River basin (see drawing alongside) from what is now the Midwestern United States south to the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Within this vast territory, only two areas saw substantial French settlement: Upper Louisiana (French: Haute-Louisiane), also known as the Illinois Country (Frenc...
Summary chronology
1. 1673: The Frenchmen Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquettebegin to explore the Mississippi River from the north and determine that it must run into the Gulf of Mexico on the south. 2. 1675: Marquette founds a mission at the Grand Village of the Illinois. 3. 1680: Fort Crevecoeur founded in the Illinois Country 4. 1682: René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle, descends the Mississippi to its mouth on the Gulf of Mexico. 5. 1682: Fort St. Louis du Rocheron the Illinois River is founded 6. 1685–...
It was not easy for an absolute monarchy to administer Louisiana, a territory several times larger than European France. Louis XIV and his successors tried to impose their absolutistambitions on the colony, often without giving the colonial administration enough financial means to do its work.
The French possessions of North America were under the authority of a single Catholic diocese, whose seat was in Quebec. The archbishop, named and paid by the king, was spiritual head of all New France. With loose religious supervision, the fervor of the population was very weak; Louisianans tended to practice their faith much less than did their c...
It is difficult to estimate the total population of France's colonies in North America. While historians have relatively precise sources regarding the colonists and enslaved Africans, estimates of Native American peoples is difficult. During the 18th century, the society of Louisiana became quite creolized.
Ancien Régime France wished to make Native Americans subjects of the king and good Christians, but the distance from Metropolitan France and the sparseness of French settlement prevented this. In official rhetoric, the Native Americans were regarded as subjects of the king of France, but in reality, they were largely autonomous due to their numeric...
Illinois Country
This comparatively sparsely-settled northern area of French Louisiana was formerly the southern part of French Canada, and was transferred in 1717 by order of the King. It lies along the Mississippi and its tributaries, and was primarily devoted to grain and cereals agriculture. The French farmers lived in villages (such as near Fort de Chartres (the colonial administrative center), Kaskaskia, Prairie du Rocher, and Sainte-Geneviève). They cultivated the land with paid and slave laborers, pro...
Lower Louisiana
Lower Louisiana's plantation economy was based on slave labor. The owners generally had their main residence in New Orleans and entrusted the supervision of the fields to a treasurer.[citation needed] Crops were varied and adapted to the climate and terrain. Part of the production was intended for use by Louisianans (corn, vegetables, rice, livestock), the rest being exported to France (especially tobacco and indigo).
Seven Years' War and its consequences
The hostility between the French and British flared up again two years before the beginning of the Seven Years' War in Europe. In North America, the war became known as the French and Indian War. After some early victories from 1754 to 1757, thanks to help from their Native American allies, the French suffered several disastrous defeats in Canada from 1758 to 1760, culminating in the surrender of the capital city Quebec. With the loss of Canada, defense of Louisiana became impossible.[citatio...
Ephemeral renewal of French Louisiana
During the French Revolution, Louisiana was agitated under Spanish control: certain French-speaking colonists sent petitions to the metropolis and the slaves attempted revolts in 1791 and 1795. The Third Treaty of San Ildefonso, signed in secrecy on October 1, 1800, envisaged the transfer of Western Louisiana as well as New Orleans to France in exchange for the Duchy of Parma. The transfer was confirmed by the Treaty of Aranjuez signed on March 21, 1801. However, Napoleon Bonaparte soon decid...
French colonization in Louisiana left a cultural inheritance that has been celebrated significantly in recent decades. The heritage of the French language, Louisiana Creole French, and Cajun French has been most threatened; for this reason, the CODOFIL (Council for the Development of French in Louisiana) was created in 1968. A subject of debate is ...
- Upper Louisiana;, Lower Louisiana
May 13, 2008 · Quebec City, Quebec, founded in 1608, population 549,459 (2021 census), 531,902 (2016 census). Quebec City, the capital of the province of Quebec, is located on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River where it meets the Rivière Saint-Charles. Here, the St. Lawrence narrows to a width of just over 1 km, and navigation is made difficult by a ...
Website: Official website of Quebec City. Quebec City or Québec (French: Ville de Québec) is the capital of the Canadian province of Quebec and one of the oldest cities in North America. The city has a population of approximately half a million. Quebec City is known for its Winter Carnival and the Château Frontenac, a historic hotel that ...
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