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République française) eli Ranska (ransk. France, [fʁɑ̃s]) on valtio, joka koostuu Länsi-Euroopassa sijaitsevasta ydinalueesta sekä useista merentakaisista alueista. Merentakaiset alueet mukaan luettuna Ranskan pinta-ala on 643 801 neliökilometriä ja väkiluku on noin 67,5 miljoonaa.
- 643 801 km² (koko alue), 551 500 km² (France métropolitaine) (sijalla 42)
- Emmanuel Macron
en.wikipedia.org
Ranskan siirtomaat. Kartta Ranskalla eri aikoina olleista siirtomaista. Ranskan siirtomaat olivat Euroopan ulkopuolisia alueita, jotka olivat Ranskan hallinnassa 1600-luvulta 1960-luvun alkupuolelle. 1800- ja 1900-luvuilla Ranskalla oli siirtomaita toiseksi eniten brittiläisen imperiumin jälkeen.
Americanized form of Polish Raszka, a cognate of 1 above. Czech ( Raška ): nickname from the bird's name raška, denoting various birds, including a robin and a redstart. Similar surnames: Ranska. Raschke. Dictionary of American Family Names © Patrick Hanks 2003, 2006. Ranska is most likely found in: United States. 7 people in Family Tree. Austria.
- North America
- Latin America
- Asia
- Africa
Canada
The earliest railway in Canada was a wooden railway reportedly used in the construction of the French fortress at Louisburg, Nova Scotia.The first Canadian railway, the Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad, was opened in 1836 outside of Montreal, a seasonal portage railway to connect river traffic. It was followed by the Albion Railway in Stellarton, Nova Scotia in 1840, a collier railway connecting coal mines to a seaport. In Canada, the national government strongly supported railway construc...
United States
Railroads played a large role in the development of the United States from the industrial revolution in the North-east 1810–50 to the settlement of the West 1850–1890. The American railroad mania began with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1828 and flourished until the Panic of 1873bankrupted many companies and temporarily ended growth. Although the South started early to build railways, it concentrated on short lines linking cotton regions to oceanic or river ports and the absence of an in...
In Latin America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries railways were critical elements in the early stages of modernization of the Latin American economy, especially in linking agricultural regions to export-oriented seaports.After 1870 Latin American governments encouraged further rail development through generous concessions that included gov...
India
The first proposals for railways in India were made in Madras in 1832. The first train in India ran from Red Hills to Chintadripet bridge in Madras in 1837. It was called Red Hill Railway. It was hauled by a rotary steam engine locomotive manufactured by William Avery. It was built by Sir Arthur Cotton. It was primarily used for transporting granite stones for road building work in Madras. In 1845, a railway was built at Dowleswaram in Rajahmundry. It was called Godavari Dam Construction Rail...
Iran
Iranian railway history goes back to 1887 when an approximately 20-km long railway between Tehran and Ray was established. After this time many short railways were constructed but the main railway, Trans-Iranian Railway, was started in 1927 and operated in 1938 by connecting the Persian Gulf to the Caspian Sea.
Japan
In 1867, in Japan, Edo period (Tokugawa shogunate) and its feudal system was ended, then Meiji period was entered and the government strived to acquire western culture and technology. In 1872, the first railway in Japan was inaugurated by Japanese Government Railways (JGR), connecting Shimbashi in Tokyo and Yokohama. The first 10 steam locomotives were ordered to Avonside, Dübs, Sharp Stewart, Vulcan and Yorkshire companies in United Kingdom. Subsequently, so many locomotives and railroad car...
East Africa
The railway was built from the Kenyan port of Mombasa to Kampala, Uganda, and construction was hampered by the presence of man-eating lions.
Egypt
Robert Stephenson(1803–59) was the engineer of Egypt's first railway In 1833, Muhammad Ali Pasha considered building a railway between Suez and Cairo to improve transit between Europe and India. Muhammad Ali had proceeded to buy the rail when the project was abandoned due to pressure by the French who had an interest in building a canal instead.[citation needed] Proposed railway from Cairo to the Sea of Suez by C.F. Cheffins, 1840s; state carriage by Wason Manufacturing built for Sa'id Pashaf...
Namibia
The first railway in the German colony of South West Africa was the 18 kilometres (11 mi)-long line running North-East from Walvis Bay to connect with the existing road between Swakopmund and Windhoek. It was built to 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge and was opened in 1898.
- 522 km
- 850 km
- 317 km (year 1870)
- 257 km
France, [a] officially the French Republic, [b] is a country located primarily in Western Europe. It also includes overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans, [XII] giving it one of the largest discontiguous exclusive economic zones in the world.
Ranska on yksi Euroopan unionin ja Yhdistyneiden kansakuntien virallisista kielistä [9] [10] ja Maailman postiliiton ainoa virallinen kieli [11] sekä useiden muiden kansainvälisten järjestöjen kieli.