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The earliest extant manuscripts (9th–10th centuries) of such neumes include: the abbey of St. Gall, in modern-day Switzerland; Messine neumes (from the monastery of Metz in northeast France) Aquitanian neumes (southern France, also used in Spain) Laon, Chartres, Montpellier; Cistercian neumes, St. Denis/St. Evrault, North France, 12th century.
We have chosen to focus on the well-known sub-type of German neumes: St. Gall notation. These neumes first became the subject of semiological interest at the turn of the 20th century, when a facsimile edition of a 10th-century, mass book written in the abbey of St. Gall (Switzerland) became the first volume of the Paléographie musicale series.
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In column 1 you see an extended list of the basic signs of St Gall neumes. In column 2 there are some neumes with episema, a small stroke that is here added in order to retard the performance, and in column 3 the so-called liquescent forms of neumes. Liquescence is a feature of neumatic notation which arises in singing liquid and sonant ...
Table of Neumes (PDF) - including Metz, St. Gall, Vatican, neography, and modern notations with a summary of principal differences between proportional rhythm and the Solesmes method. Tables for Neumes Other than Metz (Laon) and St. Gall (aiscgre.it) Table of Neumatic Elements (PDF); one-page, Gregorian notation without rhythmic markings
Table of St Gall neumes Click to expand. In column 1 you see an extended list of the basic signs of St Gall neumes. In column 2 there are some neumes with episema, a small stroke that is here added in order to retard the performance, and in column 3 the so-called liquescent forms of neumes.
The so-called "Cantatorium of St. Gall", the earliest complete extant musical manuscript in the world with neume notation. It contains the solo chants of the Mass and constitutes one of the main sources for the reconstruction of Gregorian chant. Written and provided with fine neumes in the monastery of St. Gall between 922 and 926.
The full set of neume signs is large. For example, the Solesmes studies of St. Gall notation contain a chart displaying twenty-five of the core notational forms. Modifications to these forms for liquescents, accentual, or rhythmic stress make this number closer to one hundred. In addition, there are many graphically distinct forms of early neumes
