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Shalmaneser IV (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: Salmānu-ašarēd, meaning "Salmānu is foremost") was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 783 BC to his death in 773 BC. Shalmaneser was the son and successor of his predecessor, Adad-nirari III, and ruled during a period of Assyrian decline from which few sources survive. As such his reign, other ...
- 783–773 BC
- Adad-nirari III
Shalmaneser IV ( c. 783–773) fought against Urartu, then at the height of its power under King Argishti ( c. 780–755). He successfully defended eastern Mesopotamia against attacks from Armenia. On the other hand, he lost most of Syria after a campaign against Damascus in 773. The….
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Shalmaneser I (1274-1245 b.c.), son of Adad-nirari I, the greatest warrior of the Middle Assyrian period who defeated the people of Urartu, Guti and in the W the Hurrians, Hittites and Aramaeans (Aḫlamu). By his capture of Carchemish he was the first to bring Assyria into direct clash with the Egyptians in Asia.
- Setting The Scene—A ‘Bloody City’
- A ‘City of Three Days’ Journey’
- Mourning Horses
- A Peculiar Political Situation
- Beginning of The End
- The (Temporary) Neutering of An Empire
- And Virtually Everything Else
- Why It Matters
According to biblical chronology, the Prophet Jonah was on the scene during the first half of the eighth century b.c.e., during the prosperous reign of King Jeroboam ii(2 Kings 14:25—outside the book of Jonah, this is the only other passage in the Hebrew Bible in which the prophet is mentioned). Jonah 1:1-2 state: And so, as is well known, the prop...
We’ll skip forward to Jonah 3 (the “Jonah and the whale” account will save for another day). Here Jonah submits to God’s will and sets out on his journey to Assyria. Verses 3-4: Here we start to see a description of a truly gargantuan city. Nineveh during this period served as chief city of the Neo-Assyrian Empire—and archaeological evidence bears ...
Of course, the destruction that Jonah warned about never came—by some miracle, the Assyrian king actually called for the repentanceof his city. Jonah 3:7-8 records the king’s decree: Now this is something truly peculiar. The Bible records humans fasting on numerous occasions. But animalsfasting and wearing sackcloth? This was no ordinary Israelite ...
As the book relates, Nineveh was spared destruction thanks to the repentance of the king and populace. This is where things get really interesting. Because something very peculiar happens to Assyria during this precise window in the eighth century: They stop going to war. Let’s step back and look at the wider geopolitical picture. Pairing the book ...
No explanation is given for why the “king stayed in the land” (sometimes an explanation is given, despite the brevity of each line). This kind of behavior, without good reason, did not last long—it was not seen as befitting an Assyrian king. Either the king went to war or he was overthrown. The last time a king did“stay in the land,” 41 years earli...
Given the real lack of discoveries relating to the reigns of Ashur-dan iii and Ashur-nirari v, besides these lists, historians cannot be sure. What issure is how well the “Period of Stagnation” fits in with the account in the book of Jonah, as well as 2 Kings. It is interesting to speculate. Perhaps Ashur-dan iii “stayed in the land” during the fou...
We could go on. The book of Jonah is filled with tight-fitting, historically proved details: the shipping port Joppa (Jaffa), which was functioning at the time (Jonah 1:3); the well-attested practice of casting lots (verse 7); the large merchant vessel replete with hold, sail and rowing capability, befitting merchant travel of the time (verses 3, 5...
Why does establishing the accuracy of Jonah’s account matter? Back to the vein of the introduction: There is a continual and significant debate as to when the books of the Bible were written. “Traditionalists” believe in the books written as described (i.e. Moses is author of the Torah; Isaiah is author of his book of the same name, etc). Conversel...
It is Shalmaneser IV who is mentioned in the Biblical history (2 Kings 17:3; 2 Kings 18:9). He succeeded Tiglathpileser on the throne in 727 B.C., but whether he was a son of his predecessor, or a usurper, is not apparent.
Shalmaneser IV. Background. Shalmaneser IV was king of Assyria (783–773 BC). He succeeded his father Adad-nirari III, and was succeeded by his brother Ashur-dan III. Very little information about his reign has survived.According to the eponym canon, he led several campaigns against Urartu.
The name of several Assyrian kings. See ASSYRIA; CAPTIVITY. It is Shalmaneser IV who is mentioned in the Biblical history ( 2 Kings 17:3; 18:9 ). He succeeded Tiglathpileser on the throne in 727 BC, but whether he was a son of his predecessor, or a usurper, is not apparent.
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