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Aug 13, 2007 · The historical record is incontrovertible—as documented in the PBS Africans in America series companion book: The white man did not introduce slavery to Africa . . . .
Various forms of slavery, servitude, or coerced human labor existed throughout the world before the development of the trans-Atlantic slave trade in the sixteenth century. As historian David Eltis explains, “almost all peoples have been both slaves and slaveholders at some point in their histories.”.
- The Introduction of African Slavery
- The Caribbean
- Mesoamerica and South America
- North America
- Later Developments
- Conditions For Slaves in The Americas
- Bibliography
Spain and Portugal led Europe's initial efforts to colonize the Americas and first introduced African slavery to the hemisphere. Given their late medieval history, both powers were uniquely suited for experimenting with African slavery in the Americas. While the institution of slavery declined in importance throughout much of Europe following the c...
While the Portuguese developed trade relations along the western and central African coast, Spain benefited from the fortuitous discovery of the American hemisphere through its support of the Genoese navigator Cristóbal Colón (Christopher Columbus, 1451–1506). Columbus made landfall in late 1492 in the Lesser Antilles and eventually Hispaniola (the...
Spanish colonization and African slavery took an enormous step forward with the conquest of mainland indigenous societies, beginning in 1521 with the fall of the Aztec state in central Mexico and that of the Inca in the Andes in 1532. While success is often attributed solely to Spanish conquistadors, slaves and freedmen of African descent played a ...
Labor demands in British North America also fostered the growth of an African slave population. Until the late seventeenth century, however, labor demands throughout much of the American eastern seaboard were met through a combination of family members, indentured servants, and only a scattering of African slaves. This initial "charter" generation ...
Slavery also continued to evolve in much of Latin America. New commercial opportunities, such as cacao in Venezuela, produced variations in the plantation model. Despite its decline relative to the Caribbean plantation systems, Brazil remained the single largest destination for African slaves. As the sugar industry suffered from international compe...
The relative numerical strength of African populations throughout the Americas was in turn shaped by each region's relationship to the Atlantic slave trade. Estimating the volume of the trade remains a difficult and contentious exercise. Philip Curtin (1969) offered the first systematic scholarly effort to measure the slave trade, concluding that a...
Andrews, George Reid. The Afro-Argentines of Buenos Aires, 1800–1900. Madison: University of WisconsinPress, 1980. Andrews, George Reid. Afro-Latin America, 1800–2000. Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress, 2004. Bastide, Roger. African Civilisations in the New World. Translated by Peter Green. New York: Harper, 1971. Berlin, Ira. Many Thousands Gone: The...
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The trans-Atlantic slave trade occurred within a broader system of trade between West and Central Africa, Western Europe, and North and South America. In African ports, European traders exchanged metals, cloth, beads, guns, and ammunition for captive Africans brought to the coast from the African interior, primarily by African traders.
African cultural patterns also influenced American slavery as an institution. From a contemporary perspective, the importance of slavery lies in two areas. First, it has been the major determinant of American race relations. The legacy of slavery led in the nineteenth century to the institution of Jim Crow laws designed to separate blacks and
May 2, 2020 · The majority of Africans taken as slaves to the Americas were first captured by other Africans.
As demands for more enslaved labor increased throughout the Americas, the trans-Atlantic slave trade in Africa expanded, and increasing numbers of Africans forced to the New World originated from the interior of West and West Central Africa.
