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Jul 19, 2018 · According to one 2009 study, at least one-third of all cigarettes smoked are smoked by people in social situations, and many smokers, when seeing other people smoking, are more likely to...
Being in social networks with people who smoke increases a person’s risk of smoking ( Christakis & Fowler, 2008 ), and the emergence of new social relationships—such as getting married—impacts smoking decisions ( Freeh, 2014 ). But these patterns reveal little about when, how, and why social connections shape whether people smoke.
- Mieke Beth Thomeer, Elaine Hernandez, Debra Umberson, Patricia A. Thomas
- 10.1016/j.alcr.2019.100294
- 2019
- 2019/12
Jul 16, 2022 · Cigarette smoking remains a primary contributor to health disparities in the United States, and significant evidence suggests that smoking behavior is socially influenced. Though residential neighborhoods are important for health disparities, recent evidence suggests that people spend the majority of their waking time away from the residential ...
- 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101167
- 2022/09
- SSM Popul Health. 2022 Sep; 19: 101167.
Oct 15, 2020 · 1. Introduction. By the end of 2017, the United States had over 34 million current cigarette smokers, 14% of U.S. adults, who smoked either every day or some days during the typical week, a significant decline from 20.9% in 2005 [ 1 ]. This prevalence rate was ten percent among young adults aged 18 to 24 years.
- Gang Wang, Liyun Wu
- 10.3390/ijerph17207503
- 2020
- 2020/10
- Study Sample
- Ethical Considerations
- Smoking Susceptibility
- Socio-Demographic Factors
- Socio-Environmental Factors
- Smoking-Related Cognitions
- Psychosocial Characteristics and Personality Traits
- Statistical Analyses
Study participants were a cross-sectional sample from the first wave of data collection of the Mechanisms of Networks and Norms Influence on Smoking in Schools (MECHANISMS) study. The MECHANISMS study was a school-based study designed to further understanding of social norms based mechanisms of action related to smoking in high- and middle-income s...
All pupils were required to complete consent forms indicating whether they agree or decline to participate. A parental opt-out procedure was used whereby parents/guardians who did not wish their child to take part were asked to return completed opt-out forms. Pupils who consented to participate were asked to complete a baseline assessment. Ethical ...
Susceptibility to smoking was defined as the absence of a firm commitment not to smoke . Participants were classified as susceptible or not based on three items measuring intentions to smoke: 1. 1. Do you think you will try a cigarette soon? 2. 2. If one of your best friends were to offer you cigarette, would you smoke it? 3. 3. If you don’t curren...
Socio-demographic data collected in the baseline survey included gender, age, socioeconomic level based on country-specific measures, ethnicity and family structure. Student and school deprivation ranks were obtained for Northern Ireland from Northern Ireland and Statistics Research Agency data . Student and school socioeconomic level indexes for B...
Injunctive norms were assessed with seven subscales and descriptive norms were assessed with eight subscales . Exposure to advertising in the media was assessed with eight items . Exposure to tobacco advertising in shops was measured using four items . School smoking information was assessed with a single item asking, “Do you think your school has ...
Self-efficacy was assessed using three subscales: (i) emotional; (ii) friends; and (iii) opportunity (Cronbach’s α: 0.981) [51, 52]. PBC was assessed with two items that assessed PBC to quit and PBC to avoid smoking . Perceived risks and benefits of tobacco-use were assessed using two separate scales: perceived risks (13 items; α = 0.864); and perc...
Need to belong was measured using 10 items (α = 0.813) [54, 55]. Fear of negative evaluation was assessed with 12 items (α = 0.894) [55,56,57]. The Prosocial Behaviour score was derived from 5 items (α = 0.733) [55, 58]. We assessed personality traits by using the Big Five Personality Trait Short Questionnaire (BFPTSQ). Each dimension was measured...
The analysis used univariate and multivariate logistic regression modelling adjusted for clustering at country and school level to test the probability of a participant being either susceptible or not susceptible to smoking based on the variables outlined above. Three independent regressions were performed on: the whole sample (n = 1,573); the Nort...
- Christopher Tate
Some social determinants of health can lead to stress, which can also affect people’s tobacco product use. Stress from financial problems, discrimination, or unsafe neighborhoods can make it harder to quit smoking and can even increase tobacco product use.
Smoking, social isolation, and loneliness are all related to increased morbidity and mortality. Smoking is often collo-quially considered “social ”. However, the relationship between smoking and social isolation and loneliness is unclear.
