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Jan 15, 2024 · Some dogs may develop allergic reactions to menadione or other ingredients in pet food containing this synthetic vitamin K source. Allergic reactions can manifest as itching, hives, or gastrointestinal issues. Reactions are more common if it is given by injection. Long-term health effects. Concerns have been raised about the potential long-term ...
May 1, 2024 · Potential Side Effects of Menadione There is some concern about higher levels of menadione causing oxidant stress. This is an imbalance of free radicals and antioxidants in the body which can lead ...
- Annaliese Morgan
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Menadione Menadione is also known as vitamin K3, a synthetic version of vitamin K—you might see it on pet food labels as menadione sodium bisulfate, menadione sodium bisulfite, or menadione ...
When these nutrients are included in diets in higher than optimal amounts, the likelihood—and severity—of these side effects only increases. In fact, there have been many recalls of dog foods that contain toxic levels of synthetic additives. The most famous of these came after dogs started dying of vitamin D toxicity.
- Sara Seitz
- Natural Vitamin K Types
- Synthetic Types
- Functions of Vitamin K For Dogs
- Clinical Cases of Vitamin K Administration in Dogs
- Side Effects of Treatment with This Vitamin
There are two types of Vitamin K: the first, elaborated by plants, is called K1 or philoquinone. Green leafy vegetables, such as broccoli or Brussels sprouts are rich in Vitamin K in its K1 variant. Then there is Vitamin K2 or menaquinone, elaborated by the bacteria that reside in the intestine of mammals. This form is produced during the digestion...
The chemical industry has entered the field of producing synthetic variants of Vitamin K. This is why Vitamin K3 (menadione), K4 and K5 exist on the market. Vitamin K3 was found to be toxic as it interferes with the function of glutathione: itcauses liver toxicity and damages cell membranes. Its use as a treatment for Vitamin K deficiency in men wa...
Vitamin K1 and K2 are fat-soluble compounds. The K1 form absorbs in the small intestine and requires bile for absorption. The K2 form is assimilated in the ileum and colon. After uptake in the intestine, Vitamin K undergoes a recycling process in the liver. This is where the vitamin acts as a cofactor for the mutation of a group of proteins. This g...
Vitamin K is given to dogs in various specific cases. For example against poisoning by rodenticides , such as warfarin, which work by blocking the recycling of Vitamin K in the liver. These poisons induce the inability to produce essential clotting factors, particularly factors II and VII. The use of Vitamin K in this case is necessary as an antido...
Treatment for dogs with high doses of Vitamin K should be administered with caution. In fact, it has been reported that the K3 variant (menadione) can promote haemolytic anemia in dogs when given 4mg / kg for 5 days. Keep in mind that Vitamin K takes a day to work, regardless of how it is administered. Remember that the new proteins must be synthes...
Mar 1, 2018 · Menadione can have toxic effects after injection in horses, 32 cats, 33 and dogs. 33–35 Vomiting, porphyrinuria, and occasional albuminuria have been reported when very high doses (30 to 60 mg/kg [13.6 to 27.3 mg/lb]) are fed to dogs. 36 Menadione is not an approved food additive or otherwise sanctioned by the FDA for use in human foods ...
contains the same 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinone ring but the alkyl side chain is replaced with a hydrogen (menadione) or sulfate derivative (eg, sodium bisulfite). The menadiones must undergo prenylation in the intestinal tract and tissues in order to become a biologically active form (menaquinone form) of vitamin K which can be utilized by the ...
