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3 days ago · Spanish Civil War, (1936–39), military revolt against the Republican government of Spain, supported by conservative elements within the country. When an initial military coup failed to win control of the entire country, a bloody civil war ensued, fought with great ferocity on both sides. The Nationalists, as the rebels were called, received ...
- Francisco Largo Caballero
Francisco Largo Caballero (born October 15, 1869, Madrid,...
- Popular Front
popular front, any coalition of working-class and...
- Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco (born December 4, 1892, El Ferrol,...
- Timeline of the Spanish Civil War
July 22, 1921. Berber armies led by Abd el-Krim force the...
- 2-Min Summary
In March 1939 the remaining Republican forces surrendered,...
- Francisco Largo Caballero
The Spanish Civil War (Spanish: Guerra Civil Española) was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the left -leaning Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic , and consisted of various socialist , communist , separatist , anarchist , and republican ...
- 17 July 1936 – 1 April 1939, (2 years, 8 months, 2 weeks and 1 day)
- SpainMoroccoWestern SaharaGuineaNorth Sea
- The Rebels Expected to Take Control quickly.
- Franco Benefited from The Untimely Deaths of His Rivals.
- The Republicans Suffered from Severe infighting.
- Both Sides Committed Widespread Atrocities.
- Thousands of Americans Signed Up to Fight.
- Texaco’s CEO Personally Assisted Franco.
- A Cornucopia of Famous Writers and Artists Covered The Conflict.
A cadre of rebel army officers began plotting to overthrow the government as soon as a leftist coalition won Spanish elections in February 1936. Gaining the support of General (and dictator) Francisco Francoat the final hour, they called for a July 18 uprising in Spanish Morocco, followed by a general uprising a day later, that they envisioned as a...
Though a key contributor to the coup, Franco didn’t originate the plot and was never supposed to lead the country. However, the rebels’ purported first choice for head of state, General José Sanjurjo, died in a plane crash just days after the uprising began while returning from exile in Portugal. Around the same time, Republican forces took out sev...
While the Nationalists largely united behind Franco, the various Republican factions were constantly at each other’s throats. Tensions came to a boiling point in May 1937, when a police raid on the anarchist-controlled central telephone exchange in Barcelona sparked days of street fighting that left hundreds dead. This so-called civil war within th...
From the very beginning, Franco’s Nationalist troops initiated a campaign of terror in which they killed, tortured and shamed perceived political opponents. In August 1936, for example, they gunned down up to 4,000 alleged Republicans in the town of Badajoz and then burned the bodies at a local cemetery. Similar massacres occurred in Málaga, Toledo...
Although the U.S. government stayed neutral in the Spanish Civil War, about 2,800 Americans—many of whom had never before fired a gun—volunteered for the Republican cause. A diverse bunch, their unit, the so-called Abraham Lincoln Battalion, included a vaudeville acrobat, a rabbi and the first African-American ever to lead white troops into battle....
No more than a handful of Americans fought with the Nationalists. But Franco did gain the vital support of Texaco chief executive Torkild Rieber, a Norwegian-born American who admired Hitler and allegedly preferred doing business with autocrats. From his office high atop New York City’s Chrysler Building, Rieber illegally sold the Nationalists disc...
Despite the danger, writers flocked to Spain during the civil war, with some fighting on the front lines and others filing articles from such places as the Hotel Florida in Madrid, a famed literary hotspot. “The Little Prince” author Antoine de Saint-Exupéry even flew his own plane to report on the conflict, whereas George Orwell survived a bullet ...
- Jesse Greenspan
- Aditya Chakravarty
- The war had many different factions loosely grouped into two sides. There were many different reasons the war was fought, including over class struggle, religion, republicanism, monarchism, fascism, and communism.
- The war generated an intense propaganda struggle. Both sides appealed to both internal factions, and international opinion. Whilst the left may have won the opinions of posterity, as their’s was the version often touted in later years, the Nationalists actually influenced contemporary, international political opinion by appealing to conservative and religious elements.
- Many countries officially promised non-intervention, but covertly supported one of the sides. Non-intervention, led by France and Britain, was promised, either officially or unofficially, by all the major powers.
- Individual citizens of various countries often volunteered to fight. Around 32,000 volunteers joined the “International Brigades” on behalf of the Republicans.
The Spanish Civil War (1936 – 39) was the bloodiest conflict western Europe had experienced since the end of World War I in 1918. It was the breeding ground for mass atrocities. About 200,000 people died as the result of systematic killings, mob violence, torture, or other brutalities. The fighting displaced millions of Spaniards.
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