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Stephen III, commonly known as Stephen the Great (Romanian: Ștefan cel Mare; pronunciation: [ˈ ʃ t e f a n tʃ e l ˈ m a r e]); died on 2 July 1504), was Voivode (or Prince) of Moldavia from 1457 to 1504.
- Maria Oltea
- Bogdan II of Moldavia
- 1457–1504
- Bogdan III
- Early Life and Rise to Power
- Rule
- Main Battles
- Illness and Death
- Canonization
- Legacy
- See Also
- External Links
Stephen was born in Borzești and was a member of the ruling House of Mușat. His father Bogdan II had ruled Moldavia for two years (1449 to 1451) before being killed in a stealthy raid led by Stephen's uncle, Petru Aron. Bogdan II was attending a wedding of one of his boyars – who apparently was in collusion with Petru Aron – and the surprise was co...
Menaced by powerful neighbours, he successfully repelled an invasion by the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus, defeating him in the Battle of Baia (in 1467), crushed an invading Tatar force at Lipnic and invaded Wallachia in 1471 (the latter had by then succumbed to Ottoman power and had become its vassal). When the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II launched...
Battle of Baia
The Battle of Baia was fought on December 15, 1467 against the armies of Hungarian King, Matthias Corvinus. The battle was the last Hungarian attempt to subdue the independent Moldavia, as previous attempts had ended in failure. Corvinus invaded Moldavia due to Stephen's annexation of Chilia — a fortress and harbour at the coast of the Black Sea, which at the time was controlled by Hungarian and Wallachianforces, though it had belonged to Moldavia centuries earlier. The conflict ended with a...
Battle of Vaslui
The Battle of Vaslui (also referred as Battle of Podul Înalt or the Battle of Racova) was fought on January 10, 1475, against the Ottoman Beylerbeyi of Rumelia, Hadım Suleyman Pasha. The battle took place at Podul Înalt (the High Bridge), near the town of Vaslui, in Moldavia (now part of eastern Romania). The Ottomantroops numbered up to 120,000, facing about 40,000 Moldavian troops, plus smaller numbers of allied and mercenary troops. Stephen inflicted on the Ottomans a decisive defeat that...
Battle of Valea Albă
After the disaster of the Battle of Vaslui, the Sultan Mehmed II assembled a large army and entered Moldavia in June 1476. Meanwhile groups of Tartars from the Crimean Khanate (the Ottomans' recent ally) were sent to attack Moldavia. Romanian sources may state that they were repelled,. Other sources state that joint Ottoman and Crimean Tartar forces "occupied Bessarabia and took Akkerman, gaining control of southern mouth of Danube. Stephan tried to avoid open battle with the Ottomans by foll...
In 1462, during the assault of Chilia Nouǎ, Stephen was shot in the leg. The wound never fully healed. In 1486, during the battle of Șcheia, his horse was injured. They both fell and Stephen was trapped under the horse. The incident aggravated his old leg injury. Over time, he summoned to his royal court many doctors, astrologists and other persons...
Stephen the Great is perceived by the Romanian Orthodox Church as a defender of the faith, of the Church, and the whole of Christianity. Stephen's opposition to the Ottoman Empire protected the entirety of Europe from an invasion. After the Battle of Vaslui, Pope Sixtus IV named Stephen "the Champion of Christ" (Athleta Christi). It is said that he...
Though it was marked by continual strife, Stephen's long reign brought considerable cultural development; many churches and monasteries were erected by Stephen himself; some of which, including Voroneț, are now part of UNESCO's World Heritagesites. Stephen was seen as holy by many Christians, soon after his death.[citation needed] He has been canon...
Putna MonasteryVoronet MonasteryNeamț MonasteryWhen the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II launched a retaliation attack on Moldavia, Stephen defeated the invaders at the Battle of Vaslui in 1475, a victory which temporarily halted the Turkish advance.
- ca. 1433 in Borzeşti, Romania
- Romanian Orthodox Church
- July 2 1504 in Suceava, Romania
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Stephen III of Moldavia Mihály Fants: Hadım Suleiman Pasha: Strength; 30,000–40,000 Moldavians 5,000 Székelys 2,000 Polish 1,800 Hungarians 20 cannons: 60,000–120,000 Ottomans: Casualties and losses ~5,000 killed and wounded ~40,000 dead 4,000 captured
- 10 January 1475
- Moldavian victory
The battle began with the Moldavians luring the main Ottoman forces into a forest that was set on fire, causing some casualties to the attacking Ottoman army in the forest. According to another battle description, the defending Moldavian forces repelled several attacks with steady fire from hand-guns. [9] .
- July 26, 1476
- Războieni, present-day Romania
- Ottoman victory
Sep 17, 2022 · Stephen III of Moldavia attacked Wallachia, an Ottoman vassal, and refused to pay the annual tribute. An Ottoman army was defeated and Mehmed led a personal campaign against Moldavia. He defeated the Moldavians in the Battle of Valea Alba, after that they accepted to pay the tribute and the peace was restored.
Quick facts: Stephen III, Prince of Moldavia, Reign, Prede... . Stephen III. Gospel at. Reign. 1457–1504. Predecessor. Successor. Bogdan III. Born. 1433–1440. Died. 2 July 1504 Suceava. Burial. Putna Monastery. Spouse. Evdochia of Kiev Maria of Mangup. Issue more...