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- From 1630 to 1634, Swedish-led armies drove the Catholic forces back, regaining much of the lost Protestant territory. During the campaign, Sweden managed to conquer half of the imperial kingdoms, making it the continental leader of Protestantism until the Swedish Empire ended in 1721.
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It was a military conflict that took place between 1630 and 1635, during the course of the Thirty Years' War. It was a major turning point of the war: the Protestant cause, previously on the verge of defeat, won several major victories and changed the direction of the War.
- 1630–1635
- Peace of Prague, Most of Sweden's German allies making peace with the Emperor, End of the civil war phase of the Thirty Years' War, Direct French intervention against the Emperor and Spain
- Throughout the Holy Roman Empire
Overview. The Swedish intervention in the Thirty Years’ War, which took place between 1630 and 1635, was a major turning point of the war, often considered to be an independent conflict. After several attempts by the Holy Roman Empire to prevent the spread of Protestantism in Europe, King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden ordered a full-scale ...
- Critique of Previous Historical Analyses
- Realism
- Constructivism
- Proto-Sovereign State
- A Realist Explanation of Sweden’s Intervention
- Conclusion
While there is some research on Sweden in this period, previous historical narratives have failed to place these events in a theoretical framework. As a result, the existing literature records Sweden’s actions but is weaker at explaining how and why it justified its behavior during the Thirty Years’ War. In addressing this gap in the literature, th...
Prior to examining the realist justifications for Sweden’s invasion into the HRE, it is helpful to examine the perspective itself. Realism, particularly classical realism, is an international relations theory that seeks to understand why conflict exists in the world. Classical realism’s response to this question is to look at human nature and the i...
Realism is a useful perspective in understanding the military, economic, and political factors that influenced Sweden’s pragmatic behavior. It even provides an explanation for Swedish rhetoric and its use by Sweden’s leaders as a veneer over their realpolitik ambitions. This theory, however, is less useful in explaining the type of language and im...
Realism is a particularly useful viewpoint for countries that are internally consolidated, modern states. A relatively undeveloped feature of Sweden’s intervention in this period regards Sweden’s position as a proto-sovereign state before the formation of other European nation states following the Treaty of Westphalia, which allows it to act more i...
The realist perspective is useful in understanding many of the events surrounding Sweden’s military intervention into the HRE, particularly those that deal with Sweden’s recognition of the national interests, power politics, community divisions, and anarchic system that existed in early seventeenth century Europe. First, Swedish foreign policy thro...
Threatened by the situation developing in Central Europe, Sweden recognized it needed to act if it hoped to protect its interests and insure its long-term survival. A realist analysis demonstrates that concerns of community, anarchy, power politics, and national interest coincided with key international factors to reduce the risks of Sweden’s inter...
- Marc C DuBuis
- 2015
T. Michael Davis. “The Swedish Intervention” examines the international implications of Sweden’s involvement in the Thirty Years War in 1630. The article argues that the Swedish intervention clearly marked the Thirty Years War’s transition from an internal conflict to a continental war.
Background. Swedish intervention in the Thirty Years' War began in June 1630 when nearly 18,000 troops under Gustavus Adolphus landed in the Duchy of Pomerania. Backed by French subsidies and supported by Saxony and Brandenburg-Prussia, he defeated Imperial armies at Breitenfeld in September 1631, then Rain in April 1632. [10] .
- Swedish victory
- 6 November 1632 (N.S.)
Swedish intervention; 1630 to 1634. Phase II: French intervention, 1635 to 1648. Conflict outside Germany. Northern Italy. Catalonia. Outside Europe. Peace of Westphalia (1648) Human and financial cost of the war. Military developments. Social and cultural impact. Political consequences. Notes. References. Sources. Further reading.
The Swedish intervention in the Thirty Years’ War, which took place between 1630 and 1635, was a major turning point of the war, often considered to be an independent conflict. The king of Sweden, Gustav Adolph, had been well informed of the war between the Catholics and Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire for some time, but did not get ...
