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What does territoriality mean?
What does territory mean?
What causes territoriality?
What is human territoriality?
Human Territoriality: A Theory Robert D. Sack Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 Abstract. Territoriality is a means of affecting (enhancing or impeding) interaction and extends the particulars of action by contact. Territoriality is defined here as the attempt to affect, influ-
the state of being a territory (= an area of land, or sometimes sea, that is considered as belonging to, or connected with a particular country or person): Territoriality means that the laws of the country have force only within that country's territory. Trans-border searches might violate the international principle of territoriality.
Territoriality is a form of behavior in which one or more individuals actively defend a home range against other members of their own species. Others have listed the causes of territoriality as an expression of site attachment, aggression, and sexual behavior (Alcock, 2001; Ardrey, 1966; Beebe et al., 2008; Malmberg, 1980 ).
Jan 26, 2019 · Territorialisation denotes a strategy for direct or indirect territorial control and sometimes enlargement of that space. In this context concepts of ethnicity and culture, the state, nation and nationalism are appraised. Download chapter PDF.
- Gerry O’Reilly
- gerry.oreilly@dcu.ie
- 2019
- Who Wins?
- Establishment
- Boundaries and Landmarks
- Hormones
- Neighbor-Stranger Discrimination
The resident typically wins interactions with intruders. Researchers cite several reasons why residents win (Maynard Smith and Parker 1976), and no single explanation fits every situation. Animals may use a rule, “residents always win.” However, this explanation has little support, and in most cases, winners of territorial disputes are not based on...
Many studies have examined interactions between residents and intruders that occur once an individual already has established a territory. Fewer studies have explored how territories become established initially, particularly in natural settings. Stamps (1988) used field experiments to show that anoles (Anolis aeneus) are attracted to conspecifics,...
Territories represent areas of exclusive use; therefore, they have boundaries. Indeed, such boundaries can be readily apparent to a human observer, as when a gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) chasing an intruder suddenly stops at an “invisible” line and turns around, presumably returning to its own territory. One cost of territorial defense, the...
As noted earlier, in many territorial species, males maintain exclusive spaces, whereas females occupy undefended home ranges. Such behavior is often associated with levels of testosterone, with territorial behavior appearing seasonally when testosterone levels increase. Increased testosterone levels correlate with increased aggression and sexual b...
Territory owners may become familiar with their neighbors over time. Initially, interactions are intense between neighbors, with frequent displays or fights, until both individuals learn to recognize each other and the boundaries between them. After the initial learning phase, interactions between neighbors decline, and owners may permit neighbors ...
- cmaher@maine.edu
Apr 21, 2010 · Abstract. This paper outlines a way toward conceptual and historical clarity around the question of territory. The aim is not to define territory, in the sense of a single meaning; but rather to indicate the issues at stake in grasping how it has been understood in different historical and geographical contexts.
Description. Contents. Resources. Courses. About the Authors. First published in 1986, this book demonstrates that territoriality for humans is not an instinct, but a powerful and often indispensable geographical strategy used to control people and things by controlling area.
