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- In this chapter, Arendt credits the pan-movements with contributing to the birth of Nazism and Bolshevism. The pan-movements swept through Eastern and Central Europe from the 1920s to the 1940s. These movements emphasized ideas of ethnic or religious across and outside the nation-state.
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43 pages • 1 hour read. Hannah Arendt. The Origins of Totalitarianism. Nonfiction | Book | Adult | Published in 1951. A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. Download PDF. Access Full Guide. Study Guide.
- The Bourgeois
- The Mass
- The Mob
- The Elite
- Conclusion
The Bourgeois are characterized by their “double morality” which is both a cause of and amplified by the increasing schism separating public and private life. Nazism appealed to them for two reasons: they enjoyed seeing their secret philosophy of personal gain and mindless acquisition being accepted and they wanted a strong man in the public sphere...
In the economic sphere, the above changes set into motion by the bourgeois accelerated capitalistic processes. The mass was alienated by this acceleration in four distinct ways as laid out by Marx. They were alienated from the product, since it was owned by the capitalist rather than the workers and it did not satisfy their desires directly. They w...
The mob of the Nazi party is the least interesting of the classes for its intentions are the most clear: “What the mob wanted, and what Goebbels expressed, with great precision, was access to history even at the price of destruction” (Arendt). These individuals were damaged by the same alienating forces that affected the mass, but instead of desper...
The most perplexing of classes that aligned itself with Nazism is the intelligentsia elite, for the doctrines of totalitarianism seemed so much in contradiction with the generally professed values of the time. How could a group of discerning, independent thinkers side with such a blatantly vulgar and arbitrary regime? The primary reason is, unfortu...
Throughout our Marxian analysis of Arendt, two learnings seem extremely important and pertinent in our age as the information economy further atomicizes the worker and alienates the individual. Firstly, in the long run, society pays the price of sanity and truth for blatant hypocrisy and virtue signaling. The bourgeois’ double morality obliterated ...
The emancipation of nations from dynastic rule and the overlordship of an inter-national aristocracy was accompanied by the emancipation of literature from the "in-ternational" language of the learned (Latin firSt and later French) and the growth of national languages out of the popular vernacular.
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Hannah Arendt’s “The Origins of Totalitarianism” is a seminal work in the field of political theory. First published in 1951, the book explores the conditions that gave rise to totalitarian regimes in the 20th century, and the ideologies that underpinned them.
This chapter examines Arendt's theory of totalitarian leadership. It begins with her description of “the masses,” proceeds to her account of Hitler and Stalin as rulers of Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia, and concludes with a discussion of Arendt as a covert sociologist: a thinker who recurrently resorts to sociological explanations, despite ...
