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  1. The central dogma of molecular biology states that information flows from DNA (genes) to mRNA through the process of transcription, and then to proteins through the process of translation. _Image modified from "Central dogma of molecular biochemistry with enzymes ," by Daniel Horspool ( CC BY-SA 3.0 ).

  2. Genetics. In biology, translation is the process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates. The generated protein is a sequence of amino acids. This sequence is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the RNA. The nucleotides are considered three at a time.

  3. Apr 30, 2024 · Translation takes place on ribosomes —complex particles in the cell that contain RNA and protein. In prokaryotes (organisms that lack a nucleus) the ribosomes are loaded onto the mRNA while transcription is still ongoing. The mRNA sequence is read three bases at a time from its 5’ end toward its 3’ end, and one amino acid is added to the ...

    • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
  4. The process of translation can be seen as the decoding of instructions for making proteins, involving mRNA in transcription as well as tRNA. The genes in DNA encode protein molecules, which are ...

  5. No comments yet. (1) Translation begins when a ribosome (gray) docks on a start codon (red) of an mRNA molecule in the cytoplasm. (2) Next, tRNA molecules attached to amino acids (spheres) dock at ...

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  7. Jul 31, 2022 · Learning Objectives. Outline the basic steps of translation. As with mRNA synthesis, protein synthesis can be divided into three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination. The process of translation is similar in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Here we’ll explore how translation occurs in E. coli, a representative prokaryote, and specify ...

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