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In a unitary system of government, the central government holds most of the power. The unitary state still has local and regional governmental offices, but these are under the direct control or authority of the central government. The United Kingdom is one example of a unitary nation.
Federalism is the system of government that exists in the United States based on the U.S. Constitution. Under this system the Federal Government has certain powers that are given to it by the Constitution and the 50 state governments have powers that are reserved to them.
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Does a country have a unitary or a federal system?
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Now to appreciate what these exclusive and concurrent powers are, here's a Venn diagram that shows some of them. So on the left-hand side right over here you have your exclusive federal powers. So in the United States, only the federal government can coin money. You can't have money from Texas or California.
- 6 min
There are three general systems of government—unitary systems, federations, and confederations—each of which allocates power differently. In a confederation, authority is decentralized, and the central government’s ability to act depends on the consent of the subnational governments.
- OpenStax
- 2016
Federalism is an institutional arrangement that creates two relatively autonomous levels of government, each possessing the capacity to act directly on behalf of the people with the authority granted to it by the national constitution. 1 Although today’s federal systems vary in design, five structural characteristics are common to the United Sta...
Depending on how a constitution organizes power between the central and subnational governments, a country may be said to possess either a unitary or a federal system (see also federalism). In a unitary system the only level of government besides the central is the local or municipal government .
Unitary governmmental systems place high emphasis on the central government, while federal governments delegate more power to individual regions of the country. A confederacy is formed when separate states consolidate their power into a weaker federal government, kind of the opposite of a unitary government.