Search results
Rumpun bahasa Ugrik. Kategori: Rumpun bahasa. Bahasa di Arktik. Suku Uralik. Kategori tersembunyi: Pranala kategori Commons ada di Wikidata. Kategori yang dinamakan berdasarkan bahasa.
- List
Uralic languages are spoken by about 25 million people. The...
- Indo-Uralic languages
Uralic languages have been in contact with a succession of...
- List
The Uralic languages (/ jʊəˈrælɪk / yoor-AL-ik), sometimes called the Uralian languages (/ jʊəˈreɪliən / yoor-AY-lee-ən), form a language family of 42 [3] languages spoken predominantly in Europe and North Asia.
Rumpun bahasa Ural adalah sebuah kelompok bahasa yang terdiri dari 38 bahasa yang dituturkan oleh sekitar 25 juta orang. Bahasa itu dituturkan di Eropa Timur dan Asia. Bahasa yang terkenal sekaligus menjadi bahasa resmi sebuah negara dari kelompok ini adalah bahasa Hungaria, Estonia, dan Finlandia.
Uralic languages are spoken by about 25 million people. The main Uralic languages in number of speakers are Hungarian (12-13 million), Finnish (5.4 million) and Estonian (1.1 million), that are also national and official languages of sovereign states.
- Geography of The Proposed Indo-Uralic Family
- History of The Indo-Uralic Hypothesis
- History of Opposition to The Indo-Uralic Hypothesis
- Linguistic Similarities
- Some Possible Cognates
- Bibliography
- See Also
- External Links
The Dutch linguist Frederik Kortlandt supports a model of Indo-Uralic in which the original Indo-Uralic speakers lived north of the Caspian Sea, and the Proto-Indo-European speakers began as a group that branched off westward from there to come into geographic proximity with the Northwest Caucasian languages, absorbing a Northwest Caucasian lexical...
An authoritative if brief and sketchy history of early Indo-Uralic studies can be found in Holger Pedersen's Linguistic Science in the Nineteenth Century (1931:336-338). Although Vilhelm Thomsen first raised the possibility of a connection between Indo-European and Finno-Ugric in 1869 (336), "he did not pursue the subject very far" (337). The next ...
The history of early opposition to the Indo-Uralic hypothesis does not appear to have been written. It is clear from the statements of supporters such as Sweet that they were facing considerable opposition and that the general climate of opinion was against them, except perhaps in Scandinavia. Károly Rédei, editor of the etymological dictionary of ...
Morphological
The most common arguments in favour of a relationship between Indo-European and Uralic are based on seemingly common elements of morphology, such as the pronominal roots (*m- for first person; *t- for second person; *i- for third person), case markings (accusative *-m; ablative/partitive *-ta), interrogative/relative pronouns (*kʷ- "who?, which?"; *y- "who, which" to signal relative clauses) and a common SOV word order. Other, less obvious correspondences are suggested, such as the Indo-Europ...
Lexical
A second type of evidence advanced in favor of an Indo-Uralic family is lexical. Numerous words in Indo-European and Uralic resemble each other (see list below). The problem is to distinguish between cognates and borrowings. Uralic languages have been in contact with a succession of Indo-European languages for millennia. As a result, many words have been borrowed between them, most often from Indo-European languages into Uralic ones. An example of a Uralic word that cannot be original is Finn...
1Some researchers have interpreted Proto-Uralic *wete as a borrowing from Indo-European that may have replaced a native Proto-Uralic synonym *śäčä everywhere but in some of the northern fringes of the family (most prominently Proto-Samic *čācē). 2 This word belongs to the r and n stems, a small group of neuter nouns, from an archaic stratum of Indo...
Works cited
1. Anderson, Nikolai. 1879. Studien zur Vergleichung der ugrofinnischen und indogermanischen Sprachen ('Studies on the Comparison of the Ugro-Finnic and Indo-Germanic Languages'). Dorpat: Heinrich Laakmann. Reprint: ISBN 978-1-146-97660-2. 2. Anthony, David W. 2007. The Horse, the Wheel, and Language.Princeton: Princeton University Press. 3. Bomhard, Allan R. 1996. Indo-European and the Nostratic Hypothesis.Charleston, South Carolina: Signum. 4. Carpelan, Christian and Asko Parpola. 2001. "Pr...
Further reading
1. Campbell, Lyle. "Indo-European and Uralic Tree Names". In: Diachronica, Volume 7, Issue 2, Jan 1990, pp. 149-180. ISSN 0176-4225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.7.2.02cam 2. Hyllested, Adam. 2010. "Internal reconstruction vs. external comparison: The case of the Indo-Uralic laryngeals." In Internal Reconstruction in Indo-European, edited by Jens Elmegård Rasmussen and Thomas Olander, 111-136. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. 3. Joki, Aulis J. 1973. Uralier und Indogermanen. Mémoires...
"Early Indo-Iranic loans in Uralic: Sounds and strata". Martin Joachim Kümmel, University of Jena. Seminar for Indo-European Studies."Indo-Uralic and Altaic" (PDF). Frederik Kortlandt, Leiden University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-10-31.(2004)Uralic languages have been in contact with a succession of Indo-European languages for millennia. As a result, many words have been borrowed between them, most often from Indo-European languages into Uralic ones.
People also ask
How many Uralic languages are there?
Is Uralic a native language?
Can Hungarians understand Uralic?
Are Uralic and Indo-European related?
The Uralic languages ( / jʊəˈrælɪk / yoor-AL-ik ), sometimes called the Uralian languages ( / jʊəˈreɪliən / yoor-AY-lee-ən ), form a language family of 42 languages spoken predominantly in Europe and North Asia.
