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May 1, 2023 · Glutamatergic innervation comes from hypothalamic nuclei, ventral tegmental area, and the cingulate cortex, while GABAergic innervation is provided by the hypothalamus as well. The efferents of the rostral group project via two paths, one to the lateral cortex via the internal capsule, and the other to the hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus ...
Ventral Tegmental Area. A region in the MESENCEPHALON which is dorsomedial to the SUBSTANTIA NIGRA and ventral to the RED NUCLEUS. The mesocortical and mesolimbic dopaminergic systems originate here, including an important projection to the NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS. Overactivity of the cells in this area has been suspected to contribute to the ...
Aug 22, 2019 · The anatomy of the human medial forebrain bundle: ventral tegmental area connections to reward-associated subcortical and frontal lobe regions. NeuroImage Clin. 2018; 18 :770–783. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.03.019.
Fig. 3. Reward and stress activate VTA dopamine neurons, increasing extracellular dopamine in the mPFC and NAcSh. Both rewarding and stressful stimuli induce dopaminergic increases in ventral tegmental area (VTA) projection targets, namely, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh), to a similar degree.
Dec 17, 2015 · Aversive events rapidly and potently excite certain dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), promoting phasic increases in the medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. This is in apparent contradiction to a wealth of literature demonstrating that most VTA dopamine neurons are strongly activated by reward and reward-predictive cues while inhibited by aversive stimuli. How ...
The tegmentum (from Latin for "covering") is a general area within the brainstem. The tegmentum is the ventral part of the midbrain and the tectum is the dorsal part of the midbrain. [1] It is located between the ventricular system and distinctive basal or ventral structures at each level. It forms the floor of the midbrain ( mesencephalon ...
Oct 30, 2023 · They are components of the ventral striatum and component of input nuclei for the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The nucleus accumbens is found in the rostral forebrain, where the head of the caudate nucleus and putamen meet. The olfactory tubercle, however, is situated ventral to the nucleus accumbens, between the optic chiasm and olfactory tract.
