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Jan 22, 2022 · Victor Kugler, Johannes Kleiman, Miep Gies, and Bep Voskuijl were the only employees who knew where the Franks (and later, the Van Pels family) were hiding. The four supplied the families...
- Willem Van Maaren
- Lena Hartog
- Tonny Ahlers
- Nelly Voskuijl
- Chance
- Anna ‘Ans’ Van Dijk
- Arnold Van Den Bergh
Otto Frank spent years after World War Twotrying to discover who had betrayed his family. One of the people he closely suspected was Willem van Maaren, who had been employed at the warehouse where Otto had worked and the Franks had hidden. The four workers who knew about the annex and brought the Franks food expressed their distrust of van Maaren. ...
In 1998, author Melissa Muller published Anne Frank: The Biography. In it, she raised the theory that Lena Hartog, who had worked in the warehouse as a maid, could have suspected the hiding place existed and revealed this to the Nazis to protect herself and her family.
In her 2003 book Anne Frank’s Story, author Carol Ann Lee hints at Anton Ahlers, better known as Tonny, as a suspect. Tonny was a former colleague of Otto Frank and also a vehement antisemiteand a Dutch National Socialist. Ahlers is thought to have had links to the Nazi security serviceand is believed to have confronted Otto Frank (before he went i...
Nelly Voskuijl was the sister of Bep Voskuijl, one of the four warehouse workers who knew about and aided the Franks’ concealment. In a 2015 biography of Bep, it was suggested that Nelly may have betrayed the Franks. Nelly was suspected because of her involvement and association with Nazisover the years: she had worked for the Germans on occasion a...
The historian Gertjan Brock, as part of an Anne Frank House museum investigation, reached an entirely different conclusion in 2017. Brock suggested that there may have been no betrayal at all and that in fact the annex may have been uncovered due to the SS raiding the warehouse to investigate illegal wares and trades.
In the 2018 book The Backyard of the Secret Annex, Gerard Kremer raised the theory that Ans van Dijk was responsible for the Franks’ capture. Kremer’s father had been a supporter of the Dutch resistance and an associate of van Dijk. Kremer states in the book that his father once heard van Dijk mention Prinsengracht (where the warehouse and secret a...
In 2016, former FBI investigator Vince Pankoke opened a cold case investigation into the discovery of Anne Frank and her family. Utilising modern forensic techniques and AI tools to analyse the existing evidence, Pankoke and his team discovered a new suspect: Arnold van den Bergh. Van den Bergh was a Jewish notary who worked for the Jewish Council,...
The detectives walked on from the front office to the office of Victor Kugler, who at the time was director of Opekta/Pectcon. The policemen questioned him and took him along while they searched the building. Initially, only Kugler went into the Secret Annex, but later Kleiman was also taken there.
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The arrest of Johannes Kleiman and Victor Kugler Amsterdam Aug. 4, 1944 In the 4 August 1944 raid of the Secret Annex, helpers Johannes Kleiman and Victor Kugler were also arrested. Event. Kugler and Kleiman in Detention Centre II (Amstelveenscheweg) Amsterdam Aug. 4, 1944 - Sept. 7, 1944
Dec 21, 2023 · You learn that Anne, her family and the rest never would’ve survived for more than two years if not for outside help. Four men (Johannes Kleiman, Victor Kugler, Jan Gies and Johan Voskuijl) and two women (Voskuijl’s daughter Bep and Gies wife, Miep) brought them food, reading materials and medicine.
Sept. 11, 1944 Amersfoort. After their arrest, helpers Johannes Kleiman and Victor Kugler were held prisoner in Amsterdam from 4 August to 11 September. They stayed in adjacent cells. Then, they were taken to the Amersfoort prison camp.
Kugler and his first wife, Laura Maria Buntenbach-Kugler, lived in Hilversum during the war, a distance of about 26 kilometres (16 mi) from Amsterdam. From July 1942 to August 1944, Kugler aided his colleagues Miep Gies , Johannes Kleiman and Bep Voskuijl in the concealment of eight people, including Anne Frank, in a sealed-off annex in their ...