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Reformed churches practice several forms of church government; primarily presbyterian and congregational, but some adhere to episcopal polity. The largest interdenominational association is the World Communion of Reformed Churches with more than 100 million members in 211 member denominations around the world.
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Reformed and Presbyterian churches, name given to various Protestant churches that share a common origin in the Reformation in 16th-century Switzerland. Reformed is the term identifying churches regarded as essentially Calvinistic in doctrine. The term presbyterian designates a collegial type of church government by pastors and by lay leaders called elders, or presbyters, from the New Testament term presbyteroi. Presbyters govern through a series of representative consistories, from the local congregation to area and national organizations, commonly termed sessions, presbyteries, synods, and assemblies.
A slogan for the Lutheran Reformation was “by faith alone.” Reformed Christians added the principle “to God alone the glory.” Reformed Christians taught that God’s word alone and no mere human opinion should be the norm for faith. “To God alone the glory” determined attitudes toward church government and worship, the design and furnishing of church buildings, and even secular authority. Reformed churches are confessional in nature, and during the 16th and early 17th centuries a number of manifestos of faith were written. Some of these confessions were theses for debate, such as Huldrych Zwingli’s Sixty-Seven Articles of 1523. Others, such as the Zurich Consensus of 1549, sought unity between groups on controversial doctrines. This consensus, which bridged the theological gap between Zwinglian and Calvinist thought, proved important for the increasing use of the term Reformed. The very names of the Geneva, Helvetic, French, Belgic, and Scots confessions indicate the relationship of Reformed churches to the rising sense of nationhood in 16th-century Europe. A harmony of confessions prepared in 1581 shows the agreement among national churches as well as between Reformed confessions and the Lutheran Augsburg Confession. Some national confessions had international significance. The Second Helvetic Confession became standard for churches in countries east of Switzerland. The Heidelberg Catechism had great importance in the churches of the Netherlands and wherever the Dutch settled. The Westminster Confession of Faith, produced in 1648 by a committee appointed by the English Parliament, had its greatest influence among Presbyterian and Congregational churches outside of England.
This section treats developments within the Reformed and Presbyterian churches after the Reformation. For a discussion of the emergence of these churches, see Protestantism, history of.
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The Reformed churches generally adhere, with some variations, to a form of ecclesiastical polity in which the church is led by teaching elders (ordained pastors) and ruling elders or presbyters (lay persons) who are organized in various "courts". The courts include the local church level (session or its equivalent), the regional church level ...
May 21, 2018 · The term "Reformed Churches" designates those churches that in the early development of Protestantism adopted the tenets and ecclesiastical organization of Huldrych zwingli, Martin bucer, Heinrich bullinger, and John calvin. Because Calvin's doctrinal principles ultimately became dominant, the Calvinist Church is identified with the Reformed ...
The World Alliance of Reformed Churches, a voluntary organization, represents approximately 70 percent of the world's Reformed Christians. In 2003 it had 218 churches in 107 countries with more than 75 million members (who subscribed to more than 60 different confessions of faith).
In Hungarian Reformed churches a presiding bishop moderates the presbytery. Beyond the district level are regional synods or conferences and national assemblies. These bodies are usually composed of an equal number of clergy and laity. Since 1875 there has been a World Alliance of Reformed Churches, which was joined in 1970 at Nairobi, Kenya ...
The World Communion of Reformed Churches ( WCRC) is the largest association of Reformed ( Calvinist) churches in the world. It has 230 member denominations in 108 countries, together claiming an estimated 80 million people, [1] thus being the fourth-largest Christian communion in the world after the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, and ...
