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The federal courts are: Supreme courts, mandated by article 95 of the Basic Law Federal Court of Justice (supreme court of ordinary jurisdiction) Federal Administrative Court (supreme court of administrative jurisdiction) Federal Fiscal Court (supreme court of financial jurisdiction) Federal Labour Court (supreme court of labour jurisdiction)
as the appellate court. Due to the federal structure of Germany, these lower courts are subject to the organisational authority of the constituent states. However, the Federal Court of Justice is a Federal Court. In terms of organisation, it is subordinate to the Federal Ministry of Justice. Apart from ordinary jurisdiction there are
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The courts are characterized by being specialist, regional, and hierarchically integrated at the federal level. [3] There are five basic types of courts, plus the Federal Constitutional Court and the Länder's constitutional courts: [3] Ordinary courts, dealing with criminal and most civil cases.
Judgments made by the Federal Court of Justice since 1 January 2000 can be accessed via our judgments database. The judgments are available only in German. For searching the Federal Court’s judgments by English terminology please use the Common Portal of Case Law of the Network of the Presidents of the Supreme Courts of the European Union.
The Federal Court of Justice has a president and a presidium. The president of the Federal Court of Justice is a regular judge of the court who has been proposed for this additional role by the Federal Minister of Justice and has been so appointed by the Federal President of Germany.
- Election by Judicial Selection Committee
- Bettina Limperg [de]
- 1 October 1950
Criminal trials in Germany are conducted in front of three (or two depending on the complexity of the case) professional judges and always two lay judges (jurors); all judges hearing the case have the same vote and there is a 2/3 requirement for all decisions that are negative for a defendant, e.g. guilty vs. not guilty or a higher punishment ...
The Federal Constitutional Court was enshrined in the German constitution adopted after World War II and reflects lessons learned from the Nazi era (1933–45), when the power of the federal government was unchecked. Although there was some limited precedent for judicial review in German constitutional history, the far-reaching jurisdiction of ...
