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Jun 17, 2022 · Women’s Rights and the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, color, or national origin in public places, schools, and employment.
- The Now-Familiar List of Categories
- Why Sex Discrimination Was Added
- Opposition
- Indications of Support
- Arguments Taken Seriously
- Other Comments on The Record
- The “Joke”
- End Results For Title VII and Sex Discrimination
The law prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex and national origin. However, the word “sex” was not added to Title VII until Rep. Howard Smith, a Democrat from Virginia, introduced it in a one-word amendment to the bill in the House of Representatives in February 1964.
Adding the word “sex” to Title VIIof the Civil Rights Act ensured that women would have a remedy to fight employment discrimination just as minorities would be able to fight racial discrimination. But Rep. Howard Smith had previously gone on the record as opposing any federal Civil Rights legislation. Did he actually intend for his amendment to pas...
Why would legislators who were in favor of racial equality suddenly vote against civil rights legislation if it also prohibited discrimination against women? One theory is that many Northern Democrats who supported a Civil Rights Act to combat racism were also allied with labor unions. Some labor unions had opposed including women in employment leg...
Rep. Howard Smith himself claimed that he genuinely offered the amendment in support of women, not as a joke or an attempt to kill the bill. Rarely does a congressperson act entirely alone. There are multiple parties behind the scenes even when one person introduces a piece of legislation or an amendment. The National Woman’s Party was behind the s...
Rep. Howard Smith also presented an argument about what would happen in the hypothetical scenario of a White woman and a Black woman applying for a job. If the women encountered employer discrimination, would the Black woman rely on the Civil Rights Act while the White woman had no recourse? His argument indicates that his support for including sex...
The issue of sex discrimination in employment was not introduced out of nowhere. Congress had passed the Equal Pay Act in 1963. Furthermore, Rep. Howard Smith had previously stated his interest in including sex discrimination in civil rights legislation. In 1956, the NWP supported including sex discrimination in the purview of the Civil Rights Comm...
Although there were reports of laughter on the floor of the House of Representatives at the time Rep. Smith introduced his amendment, the amusement was most likely due to a letter in support of women’s rights that were read aloud. The letter presented statistics about the imbalance of men and women in the U.S. population and called for the governme...
Rep. Martha Griffiths of Michigan strongly supported keeping women’s rights in the bill. She led the fight to keep “sex” in the list of protected classes. The House voted twice on the amendment, passing it both times, and the Civil Rights Act was ultimately signed into law, with its ban on sex discriminationincluded. While historians continue to al...
- Linda Napikoski
Apr 20, 2024 · Apr. 15, 2024, 9:11 PM ET (AP) New rules for Pregnant Workers Fairness Act include divisive accommodations for abortion. Top Questions. What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do? Who signed the Civil Rights Act into law? Who had proposed the Civil Rights Act?
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do?The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was intended to end discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin in the United States. The act ga...
- Who signed the Civil Rights Act into law?The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was signed into law on July 2, 1964, by U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson.
- Who had proposed the Civil Rights Act?The Civil Rights Act of 1964 had been proposed by U.S. President John F. Kennedy in 1963.
Jul 14, 2014 · The books do make two things clear. The first is how deliberately the 1964 Civil Rights Act was conceived of as the accomplishment of white men.
- Louis Menand
Jan 4, 2010 · The Civil Rights Act of 1964, which ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national...
Women in the Civil Rights Movement. Many women played important roles in the Civil Rights Movement, from leading local civil rights organizations to serving as lawyers on school segregation lawsuits.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed racial segregation in public accommodations including hotels, restaurants, theaters, and stores, and made employment discrimination illegal. President Lyndon Johnson signed the bill on July 2, 1964.
