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Aug 18, 2009 · * What is the origin of modern humans? * What is the origin of human uniqueness? * What is the origin of disease? * How does consciousness arise? * How do human institutions arise and...
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From vast nothingness to a Universe of stars and galaxies and our own Earth.
By Cynthia Stokes Brown
From vast nothingness to a Universe of stars and galaxies and our own Earth.
This version of modern science’s origin story is condensed and interpreted from a great body of historical and scientific information.
In the beginning, as far as we know, there was nothing. Suddenly, from a single point, all the energy in the Universe burst forth. Since that moment 13.8 billion years ago, the Universe has been expanding — and cooling down as it gets bigger.
Gradually energy cooled enough to become matter. One electron could stay in orbit around one proton to become an atom of hydrogen. Great clouds of hydrogen swirled around space until gravity pulled some atoms so close together that they began to burn as stars. Stars swirled together in giant clusters called galaxies; now there are galaxies numbering in the billions.
After each star burned up all its matter, it died in a huge explosion. The explosion generated so much heat that some atoms fused and got more and more complex, forming many different elements, including gold and silver.
But they also changed their environment. They learned to burn energy from the Sun, and they released oxygen into the atmosphere. The oxygen formed an ozone layer around Earth that protected life from the Sun’s rays.
Eventually cells stuck together to form creatures with many cells. Plants and animals came out of the sea onto land and became ever more complex and aware. About 200,000 years ago, human beings evolved from a shared common ancestor of apes.
Humans could talk in symbols and sing, dance, draw, and cooperate more than the other animals could. Humans learned to write and to accumulate their learning so that it kept expanding. Humans increased in skills and in numbers until there were too many people and too few big animals in some places.
Then humans learned to grow their own food and herd their own animals. Some animals learned to cooperate with humans. This gave humans new sources of food and work energy, and they could live in larger and larger groups. These groups expanded into cities and empires, using more and more of the resources of Earth. Humans collaborated and learned collectively in more complex ways; they traveled, traded, and exchanged inventions, creating vast civilizations of astonishing beauty and complexity.
Humans were always looking for more energy for their use. About 200 years ago we learned to use the energy from coal — trees that grew more than 300,000 years ago, then were buried underground. Humans learned to burn oil — animal remains buried long ago under the sea. Using these fossil fuels, humans began to change their climate quickly, as the gases released from burning these fuels ascended into the atmosphere.
Now humans are in a predicament — our population is increasing rapidly, fossil fuels are running out, we are pushing many plants and other animals into extinction, and we are changing the climate. What are we humans going to do next?
Feb 26, 2024 · The origin of life is one of the greatest challenges in science. It transcends conventional disciplinary boundaries, yet has been approached from within those confines for generations. Not...
The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.
- 1543–1687
- Europe
1. Darwin and the voyage of the Beagle. Darwin's seminal book, On the Origin of Species, set forth his ideas about evolution and natural selection. These ideas were largely based on direct observations from Darwin's travels around the globe.
- In the example of the mice and hawks, what if due to natural selection the hawk's ability to spot ou...Very good! You've correctly deduced an important evolutionary process known as co-evolution. This phenomenon is a key to understanding not just pre...
- How would have homo sapiens evolved from the apes , why did the characteristics of standing erect do...From the Homo Sapiens book, Yuval shared a very simple but reasonable concept that standing on 2 legs on the ground will give more broad and wide o...
- If natural selection is favouring traits which are beneficial for the environment then couldn't it b...Natural selection favors traits that are better for the ORGANISM'S survival and reproduction not for the environment. So actually the inverse would...
- I have a doubt, is it possible for natural selection to reduce the size of an organism? If possible,...Of course, natural selection just selects for the organisms that will be the most fit (have the most offspring) in a particular environment. One si...
- How does natural selection occur in both plants and animals?Natural selection is a mechanism that makes any species - be it a plant, animal, fungus, bacteria, you name it - better adapted to their environmen...
- All theories must be testable with many pieces of evidence to back it up. Is there any examples of f...That's not how science works. You can come up with any ridiculous theory and find as many evidences for it you please. What you should do is to cre...
- on the second to the last paragraph,i would like to ask if such heritable differences occur to the p...Not sure about animal species. In-plant kingdom it occurs and helps the creation of new species or more 'potent' for agriculture, such as watermelo...
- In the example of the mice and predatory birds, why wouldn't the birds also evolve--better eyesight,...Over time this will happen. This is an important part of evolution called co-evolution, where the evolution of one species affects the evolution of...
- What are the three observations that Darwin's concept of natural selection was based on?Darwin's concept of natural selection was based on several key observations: -Traits are often heritable. In living organisms, many characteristics...
- Is there other theory that doesn't agree with Darwin's theory of evolutionThere have been other theories but they disagree with observations that the theory of evolution through natural selection explains.
The history of science covers the development of science from ancient times to the present. It encompasses all three major branches of science: natural, social, and formal.
Mar 25, 2024 · Hoyle, then 80 years old, was referring to the term Big Bang, which he had coined on 28 March 1949 to describe the origin of the Universe. Today, it is a household phrase, known to and routinely ...
