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1 day ago · Google Translate is a web-based free-to-use translation service developed by Google in April 2006. [12] It translates multiple forms of texts and media such as words, phrases and webpages. Originally, Google Translate was released as a statistical machine translation (SMT) service. [12] The input text had to be translated into English first ...
1 day ago · as the sole official script. as a co-official script. The Arabic alphabet, [a] or the Arabic abjad, is the Arabic script as specifically codified for writing the Arabic language. It is written from right-to-left in a cursive style, and includes 28 letters, of which most have contextual letterforms. The Arabic alphabet is considered an abjad ...
- History
- Literary Arabic
- Vowels
- Consonants
- Phonotactics
- Word Stress
- Local Variations of Modern Standard Arabic
- Phonologies of Different Arabic Dialects
- Distribution
- Sample
Of the 29 Proto-Semitic consonants, only one has been lost: */ʃ/, which merged with /s/, while /ɬ/ became /ʃ/ (see Semitic languages). Various other consonants have changed their sound too, but have remained distinct. An original */p/ lenited to /f/, and */ɡ/ – consistently attested in pre-Islamic Greek transcription of Arabic languages – became pa...
The "colloquial" spoken dialects of Arabic are learned at home and constitute the native languages of Arabic speakers. "Formal" Modern Standard Arabic is learned at school; although many speakers have a native-like command of the language, it is technically not the native language of any speakers. Both varieties can be both written and spoken, alth...
Modern Standard Arabic has six vowel phonemes forming three pairs of corresponding short and long vowels (/a,aː,i,iː,u,uː/). Many spoken varieties also include /oː/ and /eː/. Modern Standard Arabic has two diphthongs (formed by a combination of short /a/ with the semivowels /j/ and /w/). Allophony in different dialects of Arabic can occur and is pa...
Even in the most formal of conventions, pronunciation depends upon a speaker's background. Nevertheless, the number and phonetic character of most of the 28 consonants has a broad degree of regularity among Arabic-speaking regions. Note that Arabic is particularly rich in uvular, pharyngeal, and pharyngealized ("emphatic") sounds. The emphatic coro...
Standard Arabic syllables come in only five forms: 1. C V (light) 2. C V V (heavy) 3. C V C (heavy) 4. C V V C (super-heavy) 5. C V C C (super-heavy) Arabic syllable structure does not allow syllables to start with a vowel or with a consonant cluster. In cases where a word starts with a consonant cluster it is preceded by an epenthetic /ʔi/ utteran...
The placement of word stress in Arabic varies considerably from one dialect to another, and has been the focus of extensive research and debate. In determining stress, Arabic distinguishes three types of syllables:: 2991 1. Light: 1.1. An open syllable containing a short vowel (i.e. CV), such as وَ wa 'and' 2. Heavy: 2.1. An open syllable containin...
Spoken varieties differ from Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic not only in grammar but also in pronunciation. Outside of the Arabian peninsula, a major linguistic division is between sedentary, largely urban, varieties and rural varieties. Inside the Arabian peninsula and in Iraq, the two types are less distinct; but the language of the u...
The main dialectal variations in Arabic consonants revolve around the six consonants; ⟨ج⟩, ⟨ق⟩, ⟨ث⟩, ⟨ذ⟩, ⟨ض⟩ and ⟨ظ⟩: 1. Grayed ones are also standard pronunciations.
The most frequent consonant phoneme is /r/, the rarest is /ðˤ/. The frequency distribution of the 28 consonant phonemes, based on the 2,967 triliteral roots listed by Wehris (with the percentage of roots in which each phoneme occurs): This distribution does not necessarily reflect the actual frequency of occurrence of the phonemes in speech, since ...
The Literary Arabic sample text is a reading of The North Wind and the Sun by a speaker who was born in Safed, lived and was educated in Beirut from age 8 to 15, subsequently studied and taught in Damascus, studied phonetics in Scotland and since then has resided in Scotland and Kuwait.
1 day ago · Conversely, Buda colloquially means all districts to the Danube’s west—including the former Óbuda. The Danube islands—including Csepel, the city's XXI. district—are part of neither Buda nor Pest. All varieties of English pronounce the -s-as in the English word pest.
1 day ago · Hiberno-English [a] or Irish English (IrE), [5] also formerly sometimes called Anglo-Irish, [6] is the set of dialects of English native to the island of Ireland. [7] In both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, English is the dominant first language in everyday use and one of two official languages, along with the Irish language.
1 day ago · Cnut (/ kəˈnjuːt /; [3] Old Norse: Knútr Old Norse pronunciation: [ˈknuːtr]; [a] c. 990 – 12 November 1035), also known as Canute and with the epithet the Great, [4][5][6] was King of England from 1016, King of Denmark from 1018, and King of Norway from 1028 until his death in 1035. [1] The three kingdoms united under Cnut's rule are ...
1 day ago · The Romani, also spelled Romany or Rromani (/ ˈroʊməni / ROH-mə-nee or / ˈrɒməni / ROM-ə-nee) and colloquially known as the Roma (sg.: Rom), are an ethnic group of Indo-Aryan origin [74][75][76] who traditionally lived a nomadic, itinerant lifestyle. Linguistic and genetic evidence suggests that the Romani originated in the Indian ...
