Search results
Aug 24, 2023 · Date: October 2005. Attack: Samy Kamkar, a dedicated security researcher, uncovered a vulnerability on MySpace that enabled him to unleash a self-propagating worm named the “Samy Worm.” This...
- Introduction
- 1.4 Who performs the scoring?
- 1.5 Who owns CVSS?
- 1.6 Who is using CVSS?
- 1.7 Quick definitions
- 2.1 Base Metrics
- 2.1.2 Access Complexity (AC)
- 2.1.3 Authentication (Au)
- 2.1.4 Confidentiality Impact (C)
- 2.1.5 Integrity Impact (I)
- 2.1.6 Availability Impact (A)
- 2.2 Temporal Metrics
- 2.2.1 Exploitability (E)
- 2.2.2 Remediation Level (RL)
- 2.2.3 Report Confidence (RC)
- 2.3 Environmental Metrics
- 2.3.3 Security Requirements (CR, IR, AR)
- 3.1 Guidelines
- 3.1.1 General
- 3.1.2.1 Access Vector
- 3.1.2.2 Authentication
- 3.1.2.3 Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability Impacts
- 3.2 Equations
- 3.3 Examples
- 4 Additional Resources
- 5 Final Remarks
Currently, IT management must identify and assess vulnerabilities across many disparate hardware and software platforms. They need to prioritize these vulnerabilities and remediate those that pose the greatest risk. But when there are so many to fix, with each being scored using different scales [2][3][4], how can IT managers convert this mountain ...
Generally, the base and temporal metrics are specified by vulnerability bulletin analysts, security product vendors, or application vendors because they typically have better information about the characteristics of a vulnerability than do users. The environmental metrics, however, are specified by users because they are best able to assess the pot...
CVSS is under the custodial care of the Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST).4 However, it is a completely free and open standard. No organization “owns” CVSS and membership in FIRST is not required to use or implement CVSS. Our only request is that those organizations who publish scores conform to the guidelines described in this ...
Many organizations are using CVSS, and each are finding value in different ways. Below are some examples: Vulnerability Bulletin Providers: Both non-profit and commercial organizations are publishing CVSS base and temporal scores and vectors in their free vulnerability bulletins. These bulletins offer much information, including the date of discove...
Throughout this document the following definitions are used: Vulnerability: a bug, flaw, weakness, or exposure of an application, system, device, or service that could lead to a failure of confidentiality, integrity, or availability. Threat: the likelihood or frequency of a harmful event occurring. Risk: the relative impact that an exploited vulner...
The base metric group captures the characteristics of a vulnerability that are constant with time and across user environments. The Access Vector, Access Complexity, and Authentication metrics capture how the vulnerability is accessed and whether or not extra conditions are required to exploit it. The three impact metrics measure how a vulnerabilit...
This metric measures the complexity of the attack required to exploit the vulnerability once an attacker has gained access to the target system. For example, consider a buffer overflow in an Internet service: once the target system is located, the attacker can launch an exploit at will. Other vulnerabilities, however, may require additional steps...
This metric measures the number of times an attacker must authenticate to a target in order to exploit a vulnerability. This metric does not gauge the strength or complexity of the authentication process, only that an attacker is required to provide credentials before an exploit may occur. The possible values for this metric are listed in Table 3....
This metric measures the impact on confidentiality of a successfully exploited vulnerability. Confidentiality refers to limiting information access and disclosure to only authorized users, as well as preventing access by, or disclosure to, unauthorized ones. The possible values for this metric are listed in Table 4. Increased confidentiality impact...
This metric measures the impact to integrity of a successfully exploited vulnerability. Integrity refers to the trustworthiness and guaranteed veracity of information. The possible values for this metric are listed in Table 5. Increased integrity impact increases the vulnerability score.
This metric measures the impact to availability of a successfully exploited vulnerability. Availability refers to the accessibility of information resources. Attacks that consume network bandwidth, processor cycles, or disk space all impact the availability of a system. The possible values for this metric are listed in Table 6. Increased availabili...
The threat posed by a vulnerability may change over time. Three such factors that CVSS captures are: confirmation of the technical details of a vulnerability, the remediation status of the vulnerability, and the availability of exploit code or techniques. Since temporal metrics are optional they each include a metric value that has no effect on the...
This metric measures the current state of exploit techniques or code availability. Public availability of easy-to-use exploit code increases the number of potential attackers by including those who are unskilled, thereby increasing the severity of the vulnerability. Initially, real-world exploitation may only be theoretical. Publication of proof ...
The remediation level of a vulnerability is an important factor for prioritization. The typical vulnerability is unpatched when initially published. Workarounds or hotfixes may offer interim remediation until an official patch or upgrade is issued. Each of these respective stages adjusts the temporal score downwards, reflecting the decreasing urgen...
This metric measures the degree of confidence in the existence of the vulnerability and the credibility of the known technical details. Sometimes, only the existence of vulnerabilities are publicized, but without specific details. The vulnerability may later be corroborated and then confirmed through acknowledgement by the author or vendor of the a...
Different environments can have an immense bearing on the risk that a vulnerability poses to an organization and its stakeholders. The CVSS environmental metric group captures the characteristics of a vulnerability that are associated with a user’s IT environment. Since environmental metrics are optional they each include a metric value that has no...
These metrics enable the analyst to customize the CVSS score depending on the importance of the affected IT asset to a user’s organization, measured in terms of confidentiality, integrity, and availability, That is, if an IT asset supports a business function for which availability is most important, the analyst can assign a greater value to avail...
Below are guidelines that should help analysts when scoring vulnerabilities.
SCORING TIP #1: Vulnerability scoring should not take into account any interaction with other vulnerabilities. That is, each vulnerability should be scored independently. SCORING TIP #2: When scoring a vulnerability, consider the direct impact to the target host only. For example, consider a cross-site scripting vulnerability: the impact to a use...
SCORING TIP #5: When a vulnerability can be exploited both locally and from the network, the “Network” value should be chosen. When a vulnerability can be exploited both locally and from adjacent networks, but not from remote networks, the “Adjacent Network” value should be chosen. When a vulnerability can be exploited from the adjacent network a...
SCORING TIP #7: If the vulnerability exists in an authentication scheme itself (e.g., PAM, Kerberos) or an anonymous service (e.g., public FTP server), the metric should be scored as “None” because the attacker can exploit the vulnerability without supplying valid credentials. Presence of a default user account may be considered as “Single” or “Mul...
SCORING TIP #8: Vulnerabilities that give root-level access should be scored with complete loss of confidentiality, integrity, and availability, while vulnerabilities that give user-level access should be scored with only partial loss of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. For example, an integrity violation that allows an attacker to mod...
Scoring equations and algorithms for the base, temporal and environmental metric groups are described below. Further discussion of the origin and testing of these equations is available at www.first.org/cvss.
Below, we provide examples of how CVSS is used for three different vulnerabilities.
Below, we present a list of resources that may be useful to anyone implementing CVSS. Vulnerability bulletins are helpful when searching for detailed information about a particular vulnerability. CVSS calculators are helpful when trying to compute your own base, temporal or environmental scores. Vulnerability bulletins: The National Institute of Na...
The authors recognize that many other metrics could have been included in CVSS. We also realize that no one scoring system will fit everyone's needs perfectly. The particular metrics used in CVSS were identified as the best compromise between completeness, ease-of-use and accuracy. They represent the cumulative experience of the CVSS Special Intere...
People also ask
How do you score a vulnerability?
What is a standardized vulnerability score?
What is the common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS)?
Should a vulnerability be scored independently?
Jun 1, 2016 · Myspace has revealed in an official announcement that it was the victim of a major data breach. The incident took place a few years ago and is thought to have affected close to 360 million accounts. Myspace’s technical security team confirmed that information that was being offered on an online forum is genuine.
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) is a method used to supply a qualitative measure of severity. CVSS is not a measure of risk. CVSS v2.0 and CVSS v3.x consist of three metric groups: Base, Temporal, and Environmental.
Feb 7, 2017 · MySpace becomes every hackers’ space with top breach in 2016, report says. News Analysis. Feb 07, 2017 7 mins. Data Breach Security. Hackers revived what is largely perceived as a dormant social...
- Ryan Francis
Jul 30, 2007 · July 30, 2007. Author (s) Peter M. Mell, Karen A. Scarfone, Sasha Romanosky. Abstract. The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) provides an open framework for communicating the characteristics and impacts of IT vulnerabilities. CVSS consists of three groups: Base, Temporal and Environmental.
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) is an open framework for. communicating the characteristics and severity of software vulnerabilities. CVSS. consists of three metric groups: Base, Temporal, and Environmental. The Base. group represents the intrinsic qualities of a vulnerability, the Temporal group.
