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Jul 12, 2023 · The simplest class of organic compounds is the hydrocarbons, which consist entirely of carbon and hydrogen. Petroleum and natural gas are complex, naturally occurring mixtures of many different hydrocarbons that furnish raw materials for the chemical industry. The four major classes of hydrocarbons are the following: the alkanes, which contain ...
Organic chemistry is the study of the chemistry of carbon compounds. Carbon is singled out because it has a chemical diversity unrivaled by any other chemical element. Its diversity is based on the following: Carbon atoms bond reasonably strongly with other carbon atoms. Carbon atoms bond reasonably strongly with atoms of other elements.
Jul 12, 2023 · We use several kinds of formulas to describe organic compounds. A molecular formula shows only the kinds and numbers of atoms in a molecule. For example, the molecular formula C 4 H 10 tells us there are 4 carbon atoms and 10 hydrogen atoms in a molecule, but it doesn’t distinguish between butane and isobutane.
- Structure and bonding. Dot structures: Structure and bonding Hybridization: Structure and bonding Bond-line structures: Structure and bonding. Electronegativity: Structure and bonding.
- Resonance and acid-base chemistry. Counting electrons: Resonance and acid-base chemistry Resonance structures: Resonance and acid-base chemistry Organic acid-base chemistry: Resonance and acid-base chemistry.
- Alkanes, cycloalkanes, and functional groups. Naming alkanes: Alkanes, cycloalkanes, and functional groups Naming alkanes, cycloalkanes, and bicyclic compounds: Alkanes, cycloalkanes, and functional groups Conformations of alkanes : Alkanes, cycloalkanes, and functional groups.
- Stereochemistry. Chirality : Stereochemistry Enantiomers: Stereochemistry Stereoisomeric relationships: Stereochemistry.
Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds, which contain carbon in covalent bonding. In this chapter, you will learn about the functional groups that are common in organic molecules and how they affect their chemical behavior. Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that have very characteristic properties ...
Formulae of Organic Compounds. The general formula is a formula that represents a homologous series of compounds using letters and numbers. Eg. the general formula of alkanes is C n H 2n+2. A homologous series is a group of organic compounds that have the same functional group, the same general formula and the same chemical properties.
Organic Chemistry. Organic chemistry is the study of compounds containing carbon with the exception of simple compounds e.g.carbonates (CO. 3 2-), carbon dioxide (CO. 2) and carbon monoxide (CO). Nomenclature. There are over 6 million known organic compounds. Nomenclature is therefore very important.
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