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That made absolutism a lot less absolute. While nationalism has much to do with unity, its development often comes through the defining of differences. Russia in the nineteenth century is a great example. For Russians, nationalism wasn’t just about customs, language, and history, though those mattered.
Louis didn’t necessarily reign alone; he had a council and government structure similar to the neighboring European countries. In France, it was known as the Three Estates, with each Estate representing different socioeconomic classes and statuses within French society.
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Lecture 2. - Absolutism and the State. Overview. The rise of absolutism in Europe must be understood in the context of insecurity attending the religious wars of the first half of the seventeenth century, and the Thirty Years’ War in particular.
Absolutism conspicuously appropriated religious form when expressed as a theory of obedience. Absolutist theory offered an account of the origins of civil authority. Keywords: Reformation, absolutism, sovereignty, absolute monarchy, kings, divine right, obedience, civil authority.
Absolutism. Sovereigns and estates; Major forms of absolutism. France; The empire; Prussia; Variations on the absolutist theme. Sweden; Denmark; Spain; Portugal; Britain; Holland; Russia; The Enlightenment. Sources of Enlightenment thought; The role of science and mathematics; The influence of Locke; The proto-Enlightenment; History and social ...
The most common form of government in Europe after 1789 was still absolutism; more rare were systems involving constitutional or representative government, such as the English or Dutch parliamentary systems or American federalism.
A great majority of all the world’s nation-states are unitary systems, including Bulgaria, France, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Japan, Poland, Romania, the Scandinavian countries, Spain, and many of the Latin American and African countries.
