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Each Monograph presents a description of a carcinogenic agent and how people are exposed, critical overviews of the epidemiological studies and animal cancer bioassays, and a concise review of the agent's toxicokinetics, plausible mechanisms of carcinogenesis, and potentially susceptible populations, and life-stages.
Mar 30, 2012 · We are pleased to announce the publication of a list of carcinogenic agents - by cancer site - with sufficient or limited evidence in humans. The list will be updated regularly as new classifications are announced.
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- Overview
- The Problem
- Causes
- Risk Factors
- Reducing The Burden
- Prevention
- Early Detection
- Treatment
- Palliative Care
- Who Response
Cancer is a generic term for a large group of diseases that can affect any part of the body. Other terms used are malignant tumours and neoplasms. One definingfeature of cancer is the rapid creation of abnormal cells that grow beyond their usual boundaries, and which can then invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs; the latter...
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020 (1). The most common in 2020 (in terms of new cases of cancer) were: 1. breast (2.26 million cases); 2. lung (2.21 million cases); 3. colon and rectum (1.93 million cases); 4. prostate (1.41 million cases); 5. skin (non-melanoma) (1.20 million cases); and ...
Cancer arises from the transformation of normal cells into tumour cells in a multi-stage process that generally progresses from a pre-cancerous lesion to a malignant tumour. These changes are the result of the interaction between a person's genetic factorsand three categories of external agents, including: 1. physical carcinogens, such as ultraviol...
Tobacco use, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and air pollution are risk factors for cancer and other noncommunicable diseases. Some chronic infections are risk factors for cancer; this is a particular issue in low- and middle-income countries. Approximately 13% of cancers diagnosed in 2018 globally were attributed to carcin...
Between 30 and 50% of cancers can currently be prevented by avoiding risk factors and implementing existing evidence-based prevention strategies. The cancer burden can also be reduced through early detection of cancer and appropriate treatment and careof patients who develop cancer. Many cancers have a high chance of cure if diagnosed early and tre...
Cancer risk can be reduced by: 1. not using tobacco; 2. maintaining a healthy body weight; 3. eating a healthy diet, including fruit and vegetables; 4. doing physical activity on a regular basis; 5. avoiding or reducing consumption of alcohol; 6. getting vaccinated against HPV and hepatitis B if you belong to a group for which vaccination is recomm...
Cancer mortality is reduced when cases are detected and treated early. There are two components of early detection: early diagnosis and screening.
A correct cancer diagnosis is essential for appropriate and effective treatment because every cancer type requires a specific treatment regimen. Treatment usually includes surgery, radiotherapy, and/or systemic therapy (chemotherapy, hormonal treatments,targeted biological therapies). Proper selection of a treatment regimen takes into consideration...
Palliative care is treatment to relieve, rather than cure, symptoms and suffering caused by cancer and to improve the quality of life of patients and their families. Palliative care can help people live more comfortably. It is particularly neededin places with a high proportion of patients in advanced stages of cancer where there is little chance o...
In 2017, the World Health Assembly passed the Resolution Cancer prevention and control in the context of an integrated approach (WHA70.12) that urgesgovernments and WHO to accelerate action to achieve the targets specified in the Global Action Plan for the prevention and control of NCDs 2013-2020and the 2030 UN Agenda for Sustainable Development to...
Feb 4, 2020 · In May 2017, the cancer resolution adopted at the Seventieth World Health Assembly requested WHO, in collaboration with IARC, to produce a comprehensive global report providing evidence-based public health- and policy-oriented guidance on cancer for WHO Member States.
Global Cancer Observatory. The Global Cancer Observatory (GCO) is an interactive platform presenting global cancer statistics, including estimates of the cancer burden for the year 2022 and predictions of the future burden to 2050. Visit website.
Dec 15, 2020 · International health agencies can use information from the IARC monographs—known as the “World Health Organization encyclopedia of carcinogens”—to help decide on actions to prevent exposures to known carcinogens and on the implementation of cancer-prevention strategies, she said.
