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Mar 15, 2022 · See all Data, Reports & Resources. Guide. What Is the Keystone XL Pipeline? How a single pipeline project became the epicenter of an enormous environmental, public health, and civil rights...
- Overview
- Initial resistance to expansion
- Keystone XL dispute
Keystone pipeline, petroleum pipeline that stretches 2,687 miles (4,324 km) across Canada and parts of the continental United States and is designed to deliver oil recovered from tar sands in Alberta, Canada, with petroleum terminals in Houston, Texas, and Patoka, Illinois, in the United States. The first phase of the Keystone Pipeline was completed by the TC Energy company (formerly TransCanada) in 2010; it extended from Hardisty, Alberta, east to southern Manitoba before turning southward to Steele City, Nebraska, and eastward again to Patoka. The second and third phases, which connected the storage facilities in Steele City south to Cushing, Oklahoma, and on to Houston, were completed in 2011 and 2014, respectively. Although the pipeline was designed to transport as much as 830,000 barrels (approximately 34.9 million gallons) of oil per day, its throughput between 2012 and 2022 largely ranged between 550,000 and 650,000 barrels (23.1 million and 27.3 million gallons) per day.
The pipeline has faced criticism from environmentalists since its inception, and its fourth phase—the Keystone XL—an expansion of the pipeline system, proposed in 2008, designed to connect Hardisty to Steele City with a larger-diameter pipe along a more direct route through the U.S. states of Montana and South Dakota, became a symbol of the ongoing dispute between environmentalists and fossil-fuel proponents over the climate, and it has yet to be constructed. Even without the pipeline’s expansion, TC Energy continues to draw scrutiny; a 12-year study conducted by the U.S. Government Accountability Office revealed that 22 leak incidents occurred between 2010 and 2020. A pipeline rupture in Washington county, Kansas, in 2022 spilled 14,000 barrels (588,000 gallons) of crude oil into a nearby water source, which forced TC Energy officials to close the pipeline for roughly 20 days.
TC Energy’s announcement in 2008 of its plan to build Keystone XL (in which XL stands for “export limited”) was met with substantial resistance from environmental activists, the scientific community, and Native Americans. They argued that the pipeline posed substantial risk to the environment and that it infringed on the rights of the Indigenous pe...
Although the U.S. State Department under U.S. Pres. Barack Obama turned down TC Energy’s request for a permit to build the pipeline extension in 2015, the Trump administration, working through an executive order, approved it in early 2017, which led to litigation. The tribes argued in 2018 in Rosebud Sioux v. Trump that the federal government had transgressed treaty rights and tribal sovereignty in granting a presidential permit to TC Energy to build the pipeline; the U.S. District Court for the District of Montana ruled in 2020 that such a permit applied only to the border area and not to the full length of the pipeline through the Indigenous people’s lands. The proposal to build the Keystone XL pipeline was discontinued in 2021, after U.S. Pres. Joe Biden signed an executive order revoking the permit, and TC Energy terminated plans for the project.
Throughout the dispute, proponents of the Keystone XL pipeline argued in favor of its construction on the basis of political and economic advantages that it would bring to the United States. They claimed that using Canada as a source of oil would eliminate political and economic dependence on Middle Eastern oil supplies and increase energy security and that an increased supply would mean, according to market principles, lower prices for consumers. They also argued that construction and maintenance of the pipeline would create more jobs, bolster existing infrastructure, and decrease the environmental impact of oil extraction from countries with lax environmental regulations (as Canada took steps to reduce its carbon footprint) and transportation. The results of studies conducted by energy experts, however, which took into account the pipeline’s capacity, design, and purpose and the reality that petroleum is traded on a global, and not a regional, market, called these points into question. They noted that even if the Keystone XL extension were completed, it would contribute less than 1 percent to world oil supplies, and the assumed downward pressure it would provide on fuel prices (and energy independence subsequently) would thus be negligible.
Jun 9, 2021 · The company behind the controversial Keystone XL oil pipeline said Wednesday it's officially terminating the project. TC Energy already had suspended construction in January when President...
Length. 1,897 km (1,179 mi) Diameter. 36 in (914 mm) Website. www.keystonexl.com. The Keystone Pipeline System is an oil pipeline system in Canada and the United States, commissioned in 2010 and owned by TC Energy and, as of March 2020, the Government of Alberta.
Mar 18, 2021 · Here’s how the Keystone XL pipeline project ultimately failed, and why Biden and Trudeau’s “accelerated climate ambition” should include respect for Indigenous land rights and the end of ...
Dec 17, 2022 · It's been over a week since TC Energy announced its Keystone pipeline leaked into Mill Creek in Washington County, Kan. Nearly 600,000 gallons of oil spilled into the waterway as well as the...
Jan 26, 2021 · The move has halted construction of the nearly 1,200 mile (1,930 km) cross-country US-Canada project. It's the latest - and possibly final - chapter in an effort to build the pipeline...
