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Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria, also called Salmonella typhi. Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days.
- Serotype
Two serotypes 1a and 1b with antigens 2a and 2b on surface,...
- Mesenteric Lymph Nodes
Structure Mesenteric lymph nodes. The mesenteric lymph nodes...
- History
References. History of typhoid fever. Incidence of typhoid...
- Serotype
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•Overview
•Symptoms
•When to see a doctor
•Causes
•Risk factors
•Complications
Early illness
Early symptoms include:
Later illness
A few weeks after symptoms start, the illness can cause problems in the intestines. People may have: In very serious cases, people may:
See a health care provider right away if you think you might have typhoid fever.
If you get sick while traveling in a foreign country, know who to call for a list of providers. For some that might be the closest embassy or consulate.
If you have symptoms after you return home, consider seeing a provider who focuses on international travel medicine or infectious diseases. This might help get typhoid fever diagnosed and treated more quickly.
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A bacteria strain called Salmonella enterica serotype typhi causes typhoid fever. Other strains of salmonella bacteria cause a similar disease called paratyphoid fever.
People pick up the bacteria most often in places where outbreaks are common. The bacteria passes out of the body in the stool and urine of people who are carrying the bacteria. Without careful hand-washing after going to the bathroom, the bacteria can move from the hands to objects or other people.
Typhoid fever is a serious worldwide threat and affects millions of people each year. Places with the highest number of cases or with regular outbreaks are in Africa and South Asia. But cases are recorded worldwide, often due to travelers to and from these areas.
If you live in a country where typhoid fever is rare, you're at increased risk if you:
•Work in or travel to areas where typhoid fever is established, especially if you travel to visit family or friends. People visiting loved ones may have higher social pressure to drink or eat foods that present a higher risk.
•Work as a clinical microbiologist handling Salmonella enterica serotype typhi bacteria.
Damage to the intestines
Typhoid fever complications can include damage and bleeding in the intestines. Typhoid fever also can cause cells in the walls of the small intestine or large bowel to die off. This allows the contents of the gut to leak into the body. That can cause severe stomach pain, vomiting and infection throughout the body called sepsis. Damage to the intestines can develop in the later part of the illness. These life-threatening complications require immediate medical care. Other possible complications include:
People can get a vaccination against typhoid fever. This is an option if you live where typhoid fever is common. It is also an option if you plan to travel to a place where the risk is high.
Where typhoid fever is common, access to treated water helps avoid contact with the Salmonella enterica serotype typhi bacteria. Management of human waste also helps people avoid the bacteria. And careful hand-washing for people who prepare and serve food is also important.
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Mar 30, 2023 · Typhoid fever is a life-threatening infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. It is usually spread through contaminated food or water. Once Salmonella Typhi bacteria are ingested, they multiply and spread into the bloodstream. Urbanization and climate change have the potential to increase the global burden of typhoid.
Sep 7, 2022 · Typhoid fever is an illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi ( S. Typhi). It infects your small intestines (gut) and causes high fever, stomach pain and other symptoms. Typhoid fever is also called enteric fever. You’ll commonly hear paratyphoid fever mentioned along with typhoid.
Apr 19, 2024 · Typhoid fever, acute infectious disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. The bacterium usually enters the body via ingestion of contaminated food or water. Most major epidemics have been linked to contaminated public water supplies. Learn more about the symptoms and treatment of typhoid fever.
Overview. More. Typhoid fever is a life-threatening systemic infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (commonly known as Salmonella Typhi). Typhoid is usually spread through the ingestion of contaminated food or water.
