Julien Cooper (2017) states that in antiquity, Cushitic languages were spoken in Lower Nubia (the northernmost part of modern day Sudan). He also states that Eastern Sudanic speaking populations from southern and west Nubia gradually replaced the earlier Cushitic speaking populations of this region.
Cushitic languages - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cushitic_languageJulien Cooper (2017) states that in antiquity, Cushitic languages were spoken in Lower Nubia (the northernmost part of modern day Sudan). He also states that Eastern Sudanic speaking populations from southern and west Nubia gradually replaced the earlier Cushitic speaking populations of this region.
- Afro-AsiaticCushitic
- Beja, Agaw languages (Central), Dullay, Highland East Cushitic (Sidamic), Lowland East Cushitic, South Cushitic
the Mahas, which is spoken in the Central area of Nubia (from Korosko to Dongola); the Kenzi - Dongolawi group, which is split into two dialects: Kenzi spoken in Northern Nubia and Dongolawi spoken in Southem Nubia, 7 Nubian belongs to the Nilo-Saharan family (Eastern Sudanic branch according to Greenberg's classification).
- Mokhtar Khalil, Catherine Miller
- 1996
In Lower Nubia, the A-group moved from the Classical to Terminal phase. At this time, kings at Qustul likely ruled all of Lower Nubia and demonstrated the political centralization of Nubian society.: 21 The A-Group culture came to an end sometime between 3100 and 2900 BC, when it was apparently destroyed by the First Dynasty rulers of Egypt.
Despite the Arab conquest of Egypt and the ensuing Islamisation, the people along the Nile in Lower Nubia retained their original language, known as Nubian, or Nobiin for linguists. Closely related to Nobiin is Dongolawi, spoken up the river around Dongola in present day Sudan.
However, Cooper also proposes that a similar Eastern Sudanic language may have been already spoken in Upper Nubia, both at Kerma and the Sai polity to its north, earlier (by Kerma Moyen, which began around 2050 BC), while north of Sai, in Lower Nubia, Cushitic languages were spoken and much later replaced by Meroitic.
The Noba spoke a Nilo-Saharan language, ancestral to Old Nubian. Old Nubian was mostly used in religious texts dating from the 8th and 15th centuries AD. Before the 4th century, and throughout classical antiquity, Nubia was known as Kush, or, in Classical Greek usage, included under the name Ethiopia (Aithiopia).
From Late Antiquity and into the early Middle Ages, Upper and Lower Nubia formed three independent kingdoms, Nubadia (called Nubia in Arabic) between the First and Third Cataracts, Makuria between the Third and Fifth Cataracts, and Alodia (called Alwa in Arabic) above the Fifth Cataract.
Her name itself is a combination of later recognisably Meroitic words ('good lady'), indicating the indigenous language was already spoken at this early date long before it appeared in written form (Török 2009: 294-298;Doll 2012: 158).Other than the one reference to Satjyt and the 'Nubian' facial features of certain women in Egyptian art ...
Aug 11, 2010 · Meroe was a wealthy metropolis of the ancient kingdom of Kush in what is today the Republic of Sudan. It was the latter day capital of the Kingdom of Kush (c. 1069 BCE-c.350 CE) after the earlier captial...
The Egyptians began to call "Lower Nubia the land of Wawat and Upper *Note: For the purposes of this paper, Nubia refers to the entire region between the first and fifth cataracts. Therefore, any reference to Kush, considered to be a Nubian province, would be considered part of Nubia in general.
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