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Coal mining and oil refining
- The city bore the name Gelsenkirchen-Buer, until it was renamed Gelsenkirchen in 1930. The city remained a center of coal mining and oil refining during the Nazi Era, so it was often a target of Allied bombing raids during World War II.
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Gelsenkirchen was a target of strategic bombing during World War II, particularly during the 1943 Battle of the Ruhr and the Oil Campaign. Three quarters of Gelsenkirchen was destroyed and many above-ground air-raid shelters such as near the town hall in Buer are in nearly original form.
The USAAF 306th Bomb Group flying from RAF Thurleigh launched a bombing raid against the synthetic oil plant at Gelsenkirchen, Germany in the Ruhr Valley but diverted to an unspecified target of opportunity due to extremely heavy fighter resistance over the target. ww2dbase [Bombing of Hamburg, Dresden, and Other Cities | RAF Thurleigh ...
Apr 18, 2024 · Article. The Allied strategic bombing of Germany during World War II (1939-45) involved British and U.S. bomber planes attacking industrial cities, factories, railways, airfields, and dams. Over 600,000 civilians died as a consequence.
- Mark Cartwright
- Zoom Erlebniswelt Gelsenkirchen. The city’s award-winning zoo was founded in 1949 on bomb-damaged land beside the Rhine-Herne Canal and focuses solely on larger animals.
- Schloss Horst. In the Horst district is an imposing Renaissance palace, one of the oldest and most important historical buildings in Westphalia. In the regional “Liperenaissance” style, Schloss went up in 1578, on the site of a medieval predecessor that had burned down.
- FC Schalke 04. Schalke are the third most successful club in the history of the Bundesliga and were Germany’s dominant club in the 1930s. Although Die Königsblauen (The Royal Blues) haven’t won a title since 1958 they’ve come close over the last decade, finishing runner-up in 2007 and 2010.
- Nordsternpark. On the Ruhr’s Industrial Heritage Trail, the Nordsternpark is a recreation area laid out on the former Zeche Nordstern colliery. The mine closed down in 1993, and in just four years the site had been regenerated in time for Gelsenkirchen to host the Bundesgartenschau in 1997 (Federal Garden Exhibition).
The moated castles of Schloss Berge, Schloss Horst (restored Baroque), and Haus Lüttinghof survived the heavy bombings that caused widespread destruction during World War II. The city features a technical college, a music theatre, and the Ruhr Zoo. Pop. (2003 est.) 272,445.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
During World War II, due to its rich industrial value, the area was severely bombed. After the war, though, coal mining was severely curtailed, and large unemployment hit the region. City of Gelsenkirchen tourist information; Get in [edit] The Ruhr area, especially Gelsenkirchen, offers a wonderful public transportation system.
During the Nazi era, Gelsenkirchen remained a center of coal production and oil refining. For this reason, it was bombed by British terror raids in World War II. Today, there are no collieries any more, but it still has a coal fired power station with Germany's tallest chimney (302m/991ft).
