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Apr 12, 2024 · Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, resistance by Polish Jews under Nazi occupation in 1943 to the deportations from Warsaw to the Treblinka extermination camp. The revolt began on April 19, 1943, and was crushed four weeks later, on May 16. As part of Adolf Hitler ’s “final solution” for ridding Europe of Jews, the Nazis established ghettos in areas ...
After Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin destroyed the short-lived Second Polish Republic (1918–1939) and partitioned Poland, the Nazis enacted a range of extreme antisemitic measures against Poland’s Jewish population, culminating in the establishment of ghettos. The largest of them, decreed on October 12, 1940, was in the former capital city ...
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- Formation of The Ghetto
- Society and Economy
- Underground and Resistance
- Bibliography
As early as November 1939, shortly after the Wehrmacht occupied Warsaw, an attempt was made to concentrate some of the city's Jews in a special quarter. SS (Schutzstaffel) officials issued a directive in the name of the Warsaw's German military commander, ordering the Judenräte (the council that the Germans had appointed to deal with Jews' affairs)...
The ghetto's population mounted steadily as Jewish deportees and evacuees from elsewhere were sent there. In the spring of 1941, the population was 450,000. The German authorities in charge of the ghetto were not prepared to support such a large number of people, most of whom had been cut off from their sources of livelihood and many of whom were r...
From the beginning of the ghetto era, German policies faced resistance. Political and cultural gatherings took place in private dwellings, where lectures, debates, and study groups were held on a wide variety of topics. Clandestine synagogues were established in the ghetto even though the Germans explicitly prohibited the public observance of Jewis...
Primary Sources
Czerniaków, Adam. The Warsaw Diary of Adam Czerniaków: Prelude to Doom. Translated by Stanislaw Staron and the staff of Yad Vashem. New York, 1979. Engelking, Barbara, and Jacek Leociak. Getto warszaawskie: Przewodnik po nieistniejącym mieście.Warsaw, 2001. Gutman, Yisrael. The Jews of Warsaw, 1939–1944: Ghetto, Underground, Revolt.Translated by Ina Friedman. Bloomington, Ind., 1982. Ringelblum, Emanuel. Ksòvim fun Geto. 2 vols. Tel Aviv, 1985. Zuckerman, Yitzhak. A Surplus of Memory: Chronic...
Secondary Sources
Engelking, Barbara, and Jacek Leociak. Getto warszaawskie: Przewodnik po nieistniejącym mieście.Warsaw, 2001. Gutman, Yisrael. The Jews of Warsaw, 1939–1944: Ghetto, Underground, Revolt.Translated by Ina Friedman. Bloomington, Ind., 1982. Daniel Blatman
It was the first popular uprising in a city in Nazi-occupied Europe. The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising became an example for Jews in other ghettos and camps. The uprisings that followed, however, were smaller in scope because of their isolation, a shortage of arms and hostile surroundings. On July 22, 1942, on the eve of the Ninth of Av in the Jewish ...
Aug 2, 2016 · In 1942, about 300,000 Jews had been deported from the Warsaw ghetto to Treblinka. Only 55,000 remained, mainly men and women without children because children and the elderly had been deported. Some of the “remnants,” as they called themselves, formed the Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa (ZOB), or Jewish Fighting Organization.
The ghetto in Lodz, Poland’s second largest city and major industrial center, was established on April 30, 1940. It was the second largest ghetto in the German-occupied areas and the one that was most severely insulated from its surroundings and from other ghettos. Some 164,000 Jews were interned there, to whom were added tens of thousands of Jews from the district, other Jews from the ...
