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The basic principle behind new wave was the same as that of punk—anyone can start a band—but new wave artists, influenced by the lighter side of 1960s pop music and 1950s fashion, were more commercially viable than their abrasive counterparts. (Read Martin Scorsese’s Britannica essay on film preservation.)
- Stephen Seddon
Apr 10, 2024 · The French New Wave was a revolutionary film movement that flourished in the late 1950s and early 1960s. It embraced a fresh spirit that pushed the boundaries of audiovisual storytelling and cinematic aesthetics. The resistance to cinema’s commercialization and the liberation of cinematography from conventional methods and practices set the ...
Jun 8, 2021 · New Wave Music: The History and Bands of New Wave Music. Written by MasterClass. Last updated: Jun 8, 2021 • 3 min read. While much of 1960s and 1970s rock music bore the heavy influence of the blues, the new wave movement took a different route. While much of 1960s and 1970s rock music bore the heavy influence of the blues, the new wave ...
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- Introduction to The Quantum Mechanical Model
- Review of Bohr's Model of Hydrogen
- Wave-Particle Duality and The de Broglie Wavelength
- Example 1: Calculating The de Broglie Wavelength of An Electron
- The Quantum Mechanical Model of The Atom
- Schrödinger's Equation
- Orbitals and Probability Density
- Shapes of Atomic Orbitals
- Electron Spin: The Stern-Gerlach Experiment
"We must be clear that when it comes to atoms, language can only be used as in poetry." – Niels Bohr Matter begins to behave very strangely at the subatomic level. Some of this behavior is so counterintuitive that we can only talk about it with symbols and metaphors – like in poetry. For example, what does it mean to say an electron behaves like a ...
As we have seen in a previous article on the Bohr model, the emission spectra of different elements contain discrete lines. The following image shows the visible region of the emission spectra for hydrogen. Hydrogen emits four wavelengths of light in the visible region. Image credit: Emission spectrum from Wikimedia Commons, CC0 1.0 The quantized e...
Another major development in quantum mechanics was pioneered by French physicist Louis de Broglie. Based on work by Planck and Einstein that showed how light waves could exhibit particle-like properties, de Broglie hypothesized that particles could also have wavelike properties. De Broglie derived the following equation for the wavelength of a part...
The velocity of an electron in the ground-state energy level of hydrogen is 2.2×106ms2.2×106ms. If the electron's mass is 9.1×10−319.1×10−31, what is the de Broglie wavelength of this electron? We can substitute Planck's constant and the mass and velocity of the electron into de Broglie's equation: λ=hmv=6.626×10−34kg⋅m2s(9.1×10−31kg)(2.2×106ms)=3....
Standing Waves
A major problem with Bohr's model was that it treated electrons as particles that existed in precisely-defined orbits. Based on de Broglie's idea that particles could exhibit wavelike behavior, Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger theorized that the behavior of electrons within atoms could be explained by treating them mathematically as matter waves. This model, which is the basis of the modern understanding of the atom, is known as the quantum mechanical or wave mechanicalmodel. The fact tha...
How are standing waves related to electrons in an atom, you may ask? On a very simple level, we can think of electrons as standing matter waves that have certain allowed energies. Schrödinger formulated a model of the atom that assumed the electrons could be treated at matter waves. While we won't be going through the math in this article, the basi...
The value of the wave function ψψ at a given point in space – x, y, z – is proportional to the amplitude of the electron matter wave at that point. However, many wave functions are complex functions containing i=−1−−−√i=−1equals, square root of, minus, 1, end square root, and the amplitude of the matter wave has no real physical significance. Lucki...
So far we have been examining s orbitals, which are spherical. As such, the distance from the nucleus, rr, is the main factor affecting an electron's probability distribution. However, for other types of orbitals such as p, d, and f orbitals, the electron's angular position relative to the nucleus also becomes a factor in the probability density. T...
The last quantum phenomenon we will discuss is that of electron spin. In 1922, German physicists Otto Stern and Walther Gerlach hypothesized that electrons behaved as tiny bar magnets, each with a north and south pole. To test this theory, they fired a beam of silver atoms between the poles of a permanent magnet with a stronger north pole than sout...
May 22, 2023 · The French New Wave, or ‘La Nouvelle Vague’, was a film movement that emerged in Paris in the late 1950s. It has since become recognized as one of the most important and influential movements in cinematic history. It arose in post-war France at a time when film culture was booming; film journals and festivals were becoming a popular way to ...
May 21, 2023 · By the time the mid-80s rolled around, new wave artists had become the establishment that punk had sought to destroy. Ironic, sure, but worth it: this is a genre that gave us some of the most memorable pop hits of all time. From escaping punk's shadow to dominating MTV and beyond, here is the story of new wave in five essential albums.
The sum of the secondary waves, which are the result of the disturbance, determines what form the new wave will take. This theory of light is known as the ‘Huygens’ Principle’. Using the above-stated principle, Huygens successfully derives the laws of reflection and refraction of light.
