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The Austro-Hungarian Compromise in 1867 transformed the Habsburg Monarchy into an alliance of two sovereign states. Austria-Hungary was a dual system in which each half of the empire had its own constitution, government and parliament. The citizens on each half were also treated as foreigners in the other half.
The nation of Austria-Hungary was geographically the second largest country in Europe after Russia. Its territories were appraised at 621,540 square kilometres (239,977 sq mi) in 1905. [ 72] After Russia and the German Empire, it was the third most populous country in Europe. The era witnessed significant economic development in the rural areas ...
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- An Age of Reform
- Reaction
- 1848
- Failed Absolutism and Liberal Reform
- Hungary After 1867
- Austria After 1867
- Foreign Policy in The Final Decades
- Bibliography
The year 1789 found the Habsburg Monarchy in considerable political turmoil due to the imposition of a series of particularly radical reforms authored by Emperor Joseph II (r. 1780–1790) and enforced against the wishes of most interests represented in the regional diets. During the eighteenth century the Monarchy had experienced an inexorable progr...
The outbreak of the French Revolutionin 1789, its subsequent radicalization and military challenge to aristocratic Europe, forced the dynasty to reconsider the measures it had taken to weaken the powers of the nobility and church, two potentially conservative and stabilizing elements in Habsburg society. Threatened by the specter of revolutionary s...
In 1848, when a series of revolutions broke out across Europe, Pest, Vienna, and Prague were among the cities at the forefront of experiments with political reform. In Hungary, under the leadership of Lajos Kossuth (1802–1894), the diet rapidly proclaimed a new constitutional regime in April (the April Laws). This arrangement confirmed Hungary's ex...
The absolutist system of the 1850s did not, however, represent a return to the Metternich years. After a brief period of harsh retribution following the revolutionary denouement, the regime focused on promoting industrial development, economic modernization, educational reform, and political quiescence. The regime invested close to 20 percent of it...
In Hungary the new regime immediately orchestrated a compromise of its own with Croatia, the nagodba of 1868, which offered broad administrative autonomy and a smaller degree of legislative autonomy to Croatia within the Kingdom of Hungary. The governor or banof Croatia, however, was appointed from Budapest, and this arrangement eventually created ...
Politics in the Austrian or Cisleithanian half of the Monarchy too were dominated by questions of nationalism, but for the opposite reason as in Hungary. Austria was neither a national nor a nationalizing state. The Austrian constitution provided for full equality of language use in the schools and in the civil administration. These guarantees crea...
If anything, Austria-Hungary's foreign policy ambitions and not its domestic political situations suggested far more reasons for concern about its long-term ability to survive. In 1873 Austria-Hungary had joined in a conservative alliance with the Russian and German Empires, the so-called Three Emperors' League. The alliance with Germany outlasted ...
Berend, Iván T., and György Ránki. Economic Development in East Central Europe in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. New York, 1974. Boyer, John W. Political Radicalism in Late Imperial Vienna: The Origins of the Christian Social Movement, 1848–1897.Chicago, 1981. ——. Culture and Political Crisis in Vienna: Christian Socialism in Power, 1897–1...
The government of Austria-Hungary was the political system of Austria-Hungary between the formation of the dual monarchy in the Compromise of 1867 and the dissolution of the empire in 1918. The Compromise turned the Habsburg domains into a real union between the Austrian Empire ("Lands Represented in the Imperial Council", or Cisleithania) [1 ...
Regions in Brief in Austria. The forests, mountains, and lowlands of the Austrian landscape were divided early in their history into nine distinctly different regions. In addition to their topographical diversities, each region has its own history, cultural identity, and -- in some cases -- oddities of language and dialect. Vienna.
Dec 31, 2022 · Kremayr & Scheriau, Wien 1995, ISBN 3-218-00594-9, S. 92 f. Austria-Hungary, also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or Dual Monarchy, was a constitutional union of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary that existed from 1867 to 1918, when it collapsed as a result of its defeat in World War I.
The Austro - Hungarian Empire (German: Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie, Hungarian: Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia) and its predecessors (the Habsburg Monarchy, and the Austrian Empire) dominated Central Europe and the northern Balkans from the end of the Middle Ages until its collapse at the end of World War I. At the time of its greatest ...
