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The nation of Austria-Hungary was geographically the second largest country in Europe after Russia. Its territories were appraised at 621,540 square kilometres (239,977 sq mi) in 1905. [ 72] After Russia and the German Empire, it was the third most populous country in Europe. The era witnessed significant economic development in the rural areas ...
Sep 21, 2021 · As well as a huge population count and land area, Austria-Hungary would also boast some big cities. The capital city of the empire would most likely be Budapest and Vienna as joint capital cities as they were both the two historic capitals in 1914, and are still two of the most populous and significant cities in the region, and Europe.
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Jul 21, 2023 · This concept of a Hungarian political elite gained popularity and there were efforts to represent the desired, though nonexistent, Hungarian majority over and above ethno-linguistic minorities. The intellectual centers of the region included the cities, where secondary schools were favored as places of “Magyarization”.
- Overview
- The ancient city and medieval growth
- Development of imperial Vienna
Traces of human occupation of the site of Vienna have been found dating as far back as the Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age). The area was subsequently inhabited by the Illyrians and then the Celts. In 16–15 bce the Romans, under the future emperor Tiberius, occupied the foothills of the Alps, and in the next century the Celtic town of Vindobona (Celtic: “White Field”; later to become Vienna) became a strategic Roman garrison town. (The Roman camp is believed to have covered the area around the present Hoher Market.) Vindobona grew to about 15,000 inhabitants and became part of a widespread network of trade and communications. Emperor Marcus Aurelius is said to have died in Vindobona in 180 ce fighting off attacks by the Germanic tribes. The Romans were swept away in the turmoil of the 5th-century invasions, but enough of Vindobona remained to serve as the nucleus of the medieval city. The Bavarians occupied the area, and the people became Christianized. The city’s name was recorded in 881 as Wenia and in 1030 as Wienis.
The dukes of Babenberg, a Frankish dynasty, were overlords of Vienna from 1156 to 1246. The city developed into an important trading centre, where Crusaders on their way to the East bought provisions and equipment. In the 13th century walls were built around the city, and Vienna remained largely confined within the walled area until the 1700s. The Babenbergs kept a brilliant court and encouraged artists like the famous minnesinger Walther von der Vogelweide.
Traces of human occupation of the site of Vienna have been found dating as far back as the Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age). The area was subsequently inhabited by the Illyrians and then the Celts. In 16–15 bce the Romans, under the future emperor Tiberius, occupied the foothills of the Alps, and in the next century the Celtic town of Vindobona (Celtic: “White Field”; later to become Vienna) became a strategic Roman garrison town. (The Roman camp is believed to have covered the area around the present Hoher Market.) Vindobona grew to about 15,000 inhabitants and became part of a widespread network of trade and communications. Emperor Marcus Aurelius is said to have died in Vindobona in 180 ce fighting off attacks by the Germanic tribes. The Romans were swept away in the turmoil of the 5th-century invasions, but enough of Vindobona remained to serve as the nucleus of the medieval city. The Bavarians occupied the area, and the people became Christianized. The city’s name was recorded in 881 as Wenia and in 1030 as Wienis.
The dukes of Babenberg, a Frankish dynasty, were overlords of Vienna from 1156 to 1246. The city developed into an important trading centre, where Crusaders on their way to the East bought provisions and equipment. In the 13th century walls were built around the city, and Vienna remained largely confined within the walled area until the 1700s. The Babenbergs kept a brilliant court and encouraged artists like the famous minnesinger Walther von der Vogelweide.
During the Renaissance, Vienna was a leader in science and fine arts, and the university (1365) was a centre of humanism. When Charles V became Holy Roman emperor in the 16th century, he entrusted his Austrian territories to his brother, the future emperor Ferdinand I. Seeking to increase their liberties and economic position, the Lower Austrian Diet rebelled against their regent. Ferdinand responded by condemning the leaders of the insurrection to death, and in 1526 he issued an ordinance that stripped the city of almost all its rights. In the same year, he inherited the kingdoms of Bohemia and Hungary and, accordingly, the task of fighting the Turks, who commanded large parts of Hungary. Turkish forces besieged Vienna in 1529 but were successfully beaten off. When Ferdinand was crowned emperor in 1558, Vienna regained its political status and became the administrative seat of numerous kingdoms that the Habsburgs acquired by marriage.
The Reformation swept through Europe during the 16th century, arousing heated opposition from the Roman Catholic Church. In an attempt to stem the controversy, the imperial Diet, in the Peace of Augsburg (1555), recognized the right of Lutheranism to exist but decreed that the regional princes were to determine which form of Christianity their subjects must follow. Because the Viennese were required to remain Roman Catholic, many of the great number who had become Protestant had to leave the city. It was during this period that new fortifications were built to replace the medieval city walls and the Hofburg was enlarged with the addition of new courts. The splendid secular buildings of the Baroque era proclaimed Vienna’s stature as an imperial residence and one of the great world capitals.
In 1679 the bubonic plague struck the city, killing nearly a third of its population. Then, during the summer of 1683, Vienna suffered a second Turkish siege, this one led by the grand vizier Kara Mustafa. The Viennese defenders, together with imperial troops under Charles of Lorraine, held off the Turkish army, which was defeated with the help of relief forces led by John III (Sobieski), king of Poland. Shortly thereafter Prince Eugene of Savoy succeeded in driving the Turks out of Hungary.
With the Turkish threat at an end, there followed an upsurge of building, particularly in the devastated suburbs. Between 1700 and 1730 a city of palaces and stately homes emerged. A second line of fortifications, the Linienwall (“straight rampart”), was built in 1704–06 to give the suburbs protection. In the densely built-up Innere Stadt old houses either had upper stories added or were demolished and replaced by Baroque structures. Hildebrandt, J.B. Fischer von Erlach, and Fischer von Erlach’s son Joseph Emanuel were the great Viennese architects of the time, and their achievements are still evident in some of the city’s best buildings.
During this period, immigrants arrived from other parts of the empire, and new factories heralded the city’s transition from trade to manufacturing. The arts also received fresh energy, as instanced by Joseph Anton Stranitzky’s newly created Viennese Impromptu Theatre, which opened with the character masque of Hanswurst.
The male line of the Habsburgs died out with Charles VI in 1740, but by the terms of the Pragmatic Sanction his daughter Maria Theresa gained the right of succession and reigned until 1780. She established compulsory primary-school attendance; separated the university from the church, bringing it under state control; and reorganized the economy, the army, and the judiciary. Her son and successor, Joseph II, was typical of the Enlightenment’s absolute monarchs and continued in her reforming spirit. His Edict of Toleration guaranteed religious freedom to Protestants and Orthodox Christians in 1781, and Jews were liberated from a number of discriminatory restrictions the following year. He instituted many humanitarian measures, improved government and education, and supported the arts. Some of his actions, like the dissolution of the monasteries, brought him into conflict with the church. By the time Joseph died in 1790, there were 300 factories in Vienna, the population had increased to 235,000, and the built-up area had increased 10-fold since the Turkish siege. Gluck, Haydn, and Mozart had ushered in Vienna’s first golden age of music; Beethoven and Schubert would carry it into the next century.
The capital of Hungary, Budapest is located in the north central part of the country, on the Danube River. The present city was formed in 1873 by uniting Buda and Obuda on the right bank with Pest on the left bank of the river. The area has been settled since the third millennium B.C., and two Roman towns were established in the vicinity.
This is a subreddit dedicated to the Empire of Austria-Hungary and Habsburg history in general. Feel free to post memes, pictures and links that are related to the empire, or just simply start a conversation about it.
The Austro - Hungarian Empire (German: Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie, Hungarian: Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia) and its predecessors (the Habsburg Monarchy, and the Austrian Empire) dominated Central Europe and the northern Balkans from the end of the Middle Ages until its collapse at the end of World War I. At the time of its greatest ...
![The Partition of Austria Hungary [800 x 611] : r/MapPorn](https://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images?p=what+were+the+capitals+of+austria-hungary+europe+today+pictures&ei=UTF-8&norw=1&_tsrc=apple&age=1d&th=116.8&tw=153&imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fexternal-preview.redd.it%2FI1NRzbgGqb_u_AyibqeaLQO42_XmqWHooRgWD6IpO54.jpg%3Fauto%3Dwebp%26s%3Dd90555052963f0530a2a363f07ed6b890076cd0b&rurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reddit.com%2Fr%2FMapPorn%2Fcomments%2F50xcyv%2Fthe_partition_of_austria_hungary_800_x_611%2F&size=107KB&name=The+Partition+of+Austria+Hungary+%5B800+x+611%5D+%3A+r%2FMapPorn&oid=6&h=611&w=800&turl=https%3A%2F%2Ftse1.mm.bing.net%2Fth%3Fid%3DOIP.i-YBQiswj2WwbseXFEmnrAHaFq%26pid%3DApi%26rs%3D1%26c%3D1%26qlt%3D95%26w%3D153%26h%3D116&tt=The+Partition+of+Austria+Hungary+%5B800+x+611%5D+%3A+r%2FMapPorn&sigr=GZRl9Er45OMp&sigit=ARX92tralUb_&sigi=kg8JK9c1AW3U&sign=cHKHuHATh2h.&sigt=cHKHuHATh2h. "The Partition of Austria Hungary [800 x 611] : r/MapPorn")
