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Typhus, spread by lice and fleas, and typhoid, waterborne, killed many. Tuberculosis was less common than it was to become. Cancer, though hard to recognize from contemporary accounts, was certainly rare: with relatively little smoking and with so many other diseases competing for the vulnerable body, that is not surprising.
Feb 20, 2021 · Abstract. This essay explores the amazing phenomenon that in Europe since ca. 1700 most diseases have shown a pattern of 'rise-and-fall'. It argues that the rise of so many diseases indicates that their ultimate cause is not to be sought within the body, but in the interaction between humans and their environment.
- Johan P. Mackenbach
- 2021
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- abscess > An abscess, or a boil, is raised, swollen bump filled with puss. Found on both internal organs and external tissue, abscesses have multiple causes, including viral bacterial infections and as a side effect or symptom of numerous medical conditions.
- apoplexy > Apoplexy is a stroke or brain aneurysm, which results in confusion, unconsciousness, and partial or total paralysis. According to nineteenth-century doctor Egbert Guernsey, the illness was most prevalent in women, older adults, and those with “a stout short body, large and short neck, corpulence, dark, red countenance.”
- atrophy > Atrophy is the degeneration of tissue, muscles, organs, or bones. As a broad category, it can refer to medical conditions as diverse as osteoporosis, heart disease, thyroid disease, or menopause.
- black tongue > Black Tongue, as the name implies, is a dark discoloration of the tongue, often indicative of typhoid or diphtheria. As a highly contagious infection, individuals with “Black Tongue” were regularly quarantined.
Feb 2, 2022 · During the 18th and 19th centuries, there were several outbreaks of measles in cities. In 1713, a measles epidemic spread through Boston with a devastating mortality rate. The household of Puritan Minister, Cotton Mather was destroyed when five of eleven members died in a month in a half.
Diseases and epidemics of the 19th century included long-standing epidemic threats such as smallpox, typhus, yellow fever, and scarlet fever. In addition, cholera emerged as an epidemic threat and spread worldwide in six pandemics in the nineteenth century.
During the 19th century, common diseases had a significant impact on public health and mortality rates. Strong outbreaks of infectious diseases such as cholera, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and smallpox were prevalent during this period.
1. National Maps in Color. 2. Regional Maps of Diphtheria. 3. National Maps in Black and White (poor quality) 4. Appalachia – Evaluation and Comparison. . A few notes are added. A number of other maps from this time are interspersed for comparison.