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Thirty Years’ War, (1618–48), in European history, a series of wars fought by various nations for various reasons, including religious, dynastic, territorial, and commercial rivalries. Its destructive campaigns and battles occurred over most of Europe, and, when it ended with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, the map of Europe had been ...
- Ferdinand II
Ferdinand II (born July 9, 1578, Graz, Styria [now in...
- Władysław IV Vasa
Władysław IV Vasa (born June 9, 1595, Kraków, Pol.—died May...
- Eighty Years' War
Eighty Years’ War, (1568–1648), the war of Netherlands...
- Ferdinand II
This is a list of wars and rebellions involving the United States of America. Currently, there are 108 wars on this list, 4 of which are ongoing. 12 major wars include the American Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, the Indian Wars (which encompasses numerous armed conflicts), the Mexican–American War, the American Civil War, the Spanish-American War, World War I, World War II, the Korean ...
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- Causes & Background
- Bohemian Revolt
- Denmark’s Engagement
- Sweden’s Engagement
- France’s Engagement
- Conclusion
The Thirty Years’ War was caused by several factors including: 1. Perceived imbalance of power in the region 2. Resentment of the Habsburg Dynasty and their control of commerce 3. Weakening of the power of the Holy RomanEmperor 4. Commercial Interests in the Region 5. Religious dissention Religious differences, and the inability to resolve them pea...
The Bohemian Revolt began when Protestant nobles, led by Count Thurn (l. 1567-1640), objected to legal decisions favoring Catholics and met with three of Ferdinand II’s representatives at Prague Castle to discuss the situation. Unhappy with the proceedings, Thurn and his colleagues threw the representatives out the window in what has come to be kno...
Christian IV of Denmark relied on steady trade through the northern regions of the Holy Roman Empire and the Baltic which was now threatened and, concerned that Ferdinand II’s act against Frederick V signaled a Catholic push north toward Denmark, approached his fellow Protestant nobles in Hamburg and Bremen, offering his assistance. He joined with ...
Gustavus Adolphus arrived in the region in 1630 at the head of approximately 20,000 troops, far fewer than those commanded by Tilly or Wallenstein, but his military innovations more than made up for a lack of manpower. Adolphus seems to have been aware of the advances in warfare initiated by the great Czech general Jan Zizka (l.c. 1360-1424) in the...
Ferdinand II now appealed directly to Spain for resources to continue the war to its conclusion, forcing Cardinal Richelieu to have France declare war on Spain and commit more resources to the conflict, commissioning Bernard of Saxe-Weimar to lead mercenary forces. This last phase of the war, still fought primarily in the Holy Roman Empire (which i...
As noted, the conflict was primarily fought in the region of the Holy Roman Empire which, though it included parts of modern-day Italy, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, and others, was primarily the area of modern-day Germany. The war almost completely destroyed many of the villages throughout the region and devastated the city of Magdeburg whi...
- Joshua J. Mark
The Thirty Years' War [j] was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battle, famine, or disease, while parts of present-day Germany reported population declines of over 50%. [19]
- Peace of Westphalia
Nov 9, 2009 · The Thirty Years’ War was a 17th-century religious conflict fought primarily in central Europe. It remains one of the longest and most brutal wars in human history, with more than 8 million ...
Jul 16, 2019 · The 20th century began without planes, televisions, and of course, computers. These inventions radically transformed the lives of people around the globe, with many changes originating in the United States. This century witnessed two world wars, the Great Depression of the 1930s, the Holocaust in Europe, the Cold War, revolutionary social ...
Jan 28, 2020 · Russian Civil War . The third bloodiest war of the 20th century was the Russian Civil War. This war caused the death of an estimated 13.5 million people, almost 10% of the population—12 million civilians and 1.5 million soldiers. Unlike the two world wars, however, the Russian Civil War did not spread across Europe or beyond.
